The study of the physical elements of the earth and its climate, and of human action as it affects and is affected by these, including the appropriation of populations and assets and political and financial exercises. The nature and relative arrangement of places and physical elements. Geography is a field of science gave to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the marvels of Earth. Four historical traditions in geographical research are spatial analysis of the natural and the human marvels, area studies, study of the human-land relationship, and research in the Earth sciences.

Facts about India: Wet Lands: Height of Some Important Indian Mountain peaks: Soils of India: Soil is our prime natural and economic resource. Soils in India differ in composition and structure. Some of the important soils in India are given below. Alluvial Soil: The Alluvial soils are formed by the deposition of sediments by rivers. They are rich in humus and very fertile. These soils are found in the regions of Northern Gujarat, West Bengal, Punjab, U.P, Orissa, and Brahmaputra. The alluvial soils are founded in a depth of 500 m and these are yellow in color. Alluvial clayey and loamy found in lower beds in the valley. The suitable crops grown in this land are cotton, oil seeds sugarcane. Lower Ganga is useful for Jute cultivation. Black Cotton Soil: Black Cotton Soils are made up of volcanic rocks and lava flow. These soils are found in Deccan trap covering large areas in Maharashtra, Gujarat, M.P, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamilnadu. These soils are deep and fine grained and varying in color from black to chestnut brown. It consist of Iron, Potash, Lime, Calcium, Carbonates. Forms deep cracks when dry. The crops in this land are Wheat, Cotton, Linseed, Gram, Fruit and vegetable. Red Soils: Red Soils are formed by the weathering of crystalline and metamorphic, it is a mixture of clay and sand. These soils are found in the areas of Tamilnadu, Karnataka, North-East Andhra and Orissa. These soils are Red in color. It consist of Lime, Nitrogen, and Phosphoric acid. The crops grown in this land are Wheat, Rice, Millets, and Pulses. Laterite Soil: Laterite soils are formed due to weathering of lateritic rocks in low temperatures and heavy rain fall with alternating dry and wet period. These soils are found in Karnataka, Summits of the Western and Eastern Ghats, Malwa Plateau, Goa and Kerala. These soils are Red in colour with a high content of iron-oxides. Unsuitable for agriculture due high content of acidity. Crops grown in this land Cashew and tropiocal grow well on it. Mountain Soils: Mountain Soils are formed as a result of accumulation of organic matter derived from forest growth. These are found in Himalayan region and Tea is grown in those areas which receive sufficient rain fall. Desert Soil: Desert soils are found in the North West India and covers entire area west of the Aravalis in Rajasthan & Parts of Haryana, Punjab and Gujarat. Rich in phosphates and poor in Nitrogen. As evaporation is in excess of rain fall, soil has a high salt content and saline layer forms a hard crust. These soils are sandy and deficient in organic matter. Forest Soil: Forest soils are found the Forest and Hill areas. They are in the region of Himalayan Range, Southern Hills of Peninsula. These are rich in Organic matter, Need continued use of fertilizers for good yields. Crops grown in this area are tea, coffee, spices and tropical fruits. Mangroves in India: Mangroves are shrubs or small trees that grow in saline or brackish water. Below are the areas where the mangroves found.

1. Northern Andaman and Nicobar
2. Sunder bans (West Bengal)
3. Bhitar Kanika (Orissa)
4. Krishna Estuary (Andhra Pradesh)
5. Godavari Delta(Andhra Pradesh)
6. Mahanadi Delta(Orissa)
7. Goa (Goa)
8. Pichavaram (Tamilnadu)
9. Gulf of Kutch (Gujarat)
10. Coondapur (Karnataka)
11. Achra (Maharashtra)
12. Ratnagiri (Maharashtra)
13. Vembanad(Kerala)
14. Point Calimere(Tamilnadu)
15. Koringa(Andhra Pradesh)

Main Water falls in India: Given below are highest Water falls in India Some Important Lakes: Below are some important lakes in India Types of Lakes: Lakes in India are mainly found in mountains or coastal regions. The plains have few lakes. On the basis of their origin they can be classified as under.

• Tectonic Lakes: Wular Lake (Kashmir), Kumayun Lakes
• Lakes formed due to volcanic activity: Lunar Lake (Maharashtra)
• Lagoon Lakes: Chilka (Orissa), Pulicat (Tamilnadu), Kolleru (Andhra Pradesh)
• Glacial Lakes: Khurpataal, Samtaal, Punataal, Malwataal, Nainitaal, Rakastaal, Saatal, Bhimtaal, Navruchia Taal (all kumayun Himalayas)
• Lakes formed due to Aeolean Process: Sambhar, Panchbhadra, Lunakransar, Didwana (Rajasthan)
• Others: Dal Lake (Kashmir), Udaisagar, Pichola, Rajsamand, Jaisamand, Anasagar (Rajasthan), Loktak (ManiPur), Vembanad (Kerala), Hussain sagar (Telangana).

Wildlife Sancturies/National Parks in Andhra Pradesh: Below are the list of Wildlife Sancturies and National Parks in Andhra Pradesh. Wildlife Sancturies/National Parks in Telangana: Below are the list of wildlife Sancturies and National Parks in Telangana. Highest Population Cities: Below are list of highest population cities in the world. Important Projects: Below are the list of Projects in India. Thermal power projects: Below are the Thermal power projects in India. Length of Borders with Neighbours: Important Research Centers in Hyderabad:

• National Remote sensing Centre (NRSC).
• Central food technology institute.
• Oil technology research institute.
• A.P Engineering Research Laboratories.
• B.H.E.L Research Institute.
• National institute of Nutrition (NIN).
• Small industries extension training institute.
• National geographical research institute.
• Regional research laboratories.
• National Environmental Research institute.
• Central building research institute.
• National Geo-physical research center.
• Electronic test development center.
• Center for cellular and molecular biology.
• Central food technological research institute.
• Defence research and development organization.
• Bharat Dynamics Limited.
• Electronics Corporation of India Limited.
• Bharat Electronics Limited.

Hill Stations in India: Three largest producing states of important crops during 2013-2014: 1. Food Grains: 2. Oil Seeds: 3. Other Cash Crops:

1. Which of the two rivers have not built Delta’s? A. Ganga and Yamuna B. Krishna and Kaveri C. Narmada and Tapti D. Narmada and Yamuna Answer-C 2. Where is the Gulf of Mannar located? A. Kerala B. East of Tamil Nadu C. West of Maharashtra D. East of Andhra Pradesh Answer-B 3. Where is the largest manmade lake in Asia? A. Himachal Pradesh B. Gandhi nagar, Gujrat C. Maharashtra D. Jai Samand, Rajasthan Answer-D 4. Which is the best known water fall in Karnataka? A. Ooty B. Jog C. Kuntaala D. Bengalore Answer-B 5. Which state has the largest number of sugar mills? A. Madhya Pradesh B. Karnataka C. Himachal Pradesh D. Uttar Pradesh Answer-D 6. Which state is the longest coastal state? A. Gujrat B. Goa C. Chennai D. Telangana Answer-A 7. Which mountain peak is the highest mountain peak in India? A. Kanchenjunga B. Broad Peak C. K2 D. Nanda Devi Answer-C 8. Which city is the highest population city in the world? A. New York, USA B. Mexico, Mexico C. Mumbai, India D. Tokyo, Japan Answer-D 9. What is the length of the border of neighbouring country Bangladesh? A. 4000 km B. 4096 km C. 3500 km D. 4500 km Answer-B 10. Which one is the highest hill station in India? A. Shimla B. Gulberga C. Darjeeling D. Dalhousie Answer-B