Directions (1Q - 3Q): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain parts are given in bold to answer some of the questions based on the passage.
Ethics concern an individual’s moral judgements about right and wrong. Decisions taken within an organization may be made by individuals or groups, but whoever makes them will be influenced by the culture of the company. The decision to behave ethically is a moral one; employees must decide what they think is the right course of action. This may involve rejecting the route that would lead to the biggest short-term profit. Ethical issues include the rights and duties between a company and its employees, suppliers, customers and neighbours, its fiduciary responsibility to its shareholders. Issues concerning relations between different companies include hostile take-over and industrial espionage. Related issues include governance; corporate; political contributions; legal issues such as the ethical debate over introducing a crime of corporate manslaughter; and the marketing of corporations’ ethics policies.
Business ethics reflects the philosophy of business, one of whose aims is to determine the fundamental purposes of a company. If a company’s purpose is to maximize shareholder returns, then sacrificing profits to other concerns is a violation of its fiduciary responsibility. Business ethics is also known as corporate ethics, a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. Business ethics has both normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Academics attempting to understand business behaviour employ descriptive methods. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflect the interaction of profit-maximizing behaviour with non-economic concerns. Ethical behaviour and corporate social responsibility can bring significant benefits to a business. For example, they may: attract customers to the firm’s products, thereby boosting sales and profits. It makes employees want to stay with the business, reduce labour turnover and therefore increase productivity. It attracts more employees wanting to work for the business, reduce recruitment costs and enable the company to get the most talented employees and also attract investors and keep the company’s share price high, thereby protecting the business from takeover. While unethical behaviour or a lack of corporate social responsibility, by comparison, may damage a firm’s reputation and make it less appealing to stakeholders. Unethical behaviour can also result in bad publicity, resulting in a bad name that will always be associated with the company even if they attempt to utilize a more ethical code of conduct. If a company has unethical behaviour and is charged by the courts, they can wind up paying fines, court fees and may even receive some jail time, many companies eventually go bankrupt and close their doors due to the high cost of unethical behaviours. Unethical behaviour also decreases the productivity of a company. If you are working in a company with bad ethical behaviours, it is difficult for the employees to trust each other or their supervisors. When people work in an environment where they do not trust anyone, they are not going to do their best work, if they continue to work there at all. Unethical behaviour can cause employees to lose faith in the company and become more likely to call in sick more often or not even show up at all. Once a company is known for having unethical behaviours, the effects can be permanent. All of the years spent building a good reputation can be quickly torn down with only one unethical incident, destroying the company’s reputation possibly forever.
Q1. What is meant by Manslaughter ?

A. A kind of heinous crime B. It’s all about foul play. C. Legally killing of one human being by another. D. Killing without malicious forethought E. None of these

Answer - Option D
Explanation - Killing without malicious forethought.
Q2. Once a company is known for having unethical behaviours, the effect can be-

A. Permanent B. Negligible C. Determined D. Partial E. None of these

Answer - Option A
Explanation - Permanent
Q3. Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word ESPIONAGE in bold as used in the passage.

A. Spying B. Information C. Reforms D. Norms E. Requirement

Answer - Option A
Explanation - Espionage - Spying
Directions (4Q - 5Q): Read the following questions which are SENTENCE FILLERS and answer them below.
Q4. The victory at Quebec can be _______ to many factors. Although Quebec was heavily defended, the overall position of the French was extremely weak. I. forebear II. attributed III. associated IV. promulgated

A. I, III B. II, III C. III, IV D. I, III, IV E. All fit

Answer - Option B
Explanation - Attributed , associated – regard something as being caused by
Q5. Earlier, it had decided that a larger constitutional bench would decide on the question of______________privacy was a fundamental right. A. whichever B. even if C. whoever D. whether E. whatever

A. A-B B. A-E C. B-C D. B-D E. A-E

Answer - Option D
Explanation - Whether – expressing a doubt or choice between alternatives.

Directions (1Q - 2Q): Read the following questions which are SPOTTING ERRORS and answer them below.
Q1. a) When we look at a flower, we doesn’t actually see the flower. b) When that happens, the emphasis is on one’s likes and dislikes and not actually on the flower. c) one’s experience of the external world is a product of one’s internal mind. d) The struggle is to see and know in the light of what I knew in my past.

A. Only a B. Only a & b C. Only b & c D. Only c & d E. No Error

Answer - Option C
Explanation - a) Replace ‘doesn’t’ with ‘don’t’.I,WE,YOU + Do and He,she,it + Does.
d) Replace ‘knew ‘ with ‘know’ , given sentence is talking about past situations in present hence it should be ‘know’ instead of ‘knew’
Q2. a) Most of us are caught in the small part of life and miss seeing the whole. b) Without leaving our room, we want to see the vastness of the sky. c) We live a parts of the whole and that part is our pattern, our positionality, our ego. d) We limit our brains to limited paradigm.

A. Only a B. Only a & b C. Only b & c D. Only c & d E. No Error

Answer - Option B
Explanation - a) Replace ‘parts’ with ‘part’
d) Replace ‘paradigm’ with ‘paradigms’
Directions (3Q - 4Q): Read the following questions which are ClOZE TEST and answer them below.
It’s true that Russia has long been trying – and failing – to isolate its own internet from the rest of the world. There have even been reports that President Vladimir Putin ordered tests to see if a national..(3).. of local domain names could continue running if cut off from the global internet! He has called the internet a CIA plot and his desire for a walled internet has grown with western sanctions. Would Putin revenge the internet that he has failed to control by..(4).. it? Consider that the strategic and business costs to Russia would also be humongous. But more pertinently, even if he wanted to, it’s technologically troublesome for him to succeed in this goal.
Q3.

A. disconnect B. intranet C. hitch D. Existence E. more hiking

Answer - Option B
Explanation - intranet
Q4.

A. unsanitary B. unsterile C. construction D. destroying E. irrelevant

Answer - Option D
Explanation - destroying
Directions (5Q): Read the following questions which are ANTONYMS and answer them below.
Q5. Enthrall

A. encourage B. free C. capture D. enslave E. fatigue

Answer - Option B
Explanation - Enthrall – capture the fascinated attention of.

Directions (1Q - 3Q): Rearrange the following sentences in the proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph then answer the following questions.

A. But, while teamwork is critical to success, so is recognition of the distinct roles and responsibilities of governments in the industrialized and developing worlds. B. The global cooperation that has emerged lately is certainly welcome. C. Last November, while much of the world was trying to unpack Donald Trump’s election as US president, the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP 22) was held in Marrakesh, Morocco. D. It was an important step forward, but the issue remains far more complex – and politically charged – than most would care to admit. E. Participants from all over the world, including 38 heads of state and government, came together to create a plan for implementing the 2015 Paris climate agreement, which aims to limit global warming to well below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

Q1. Which would be the Second sentence after Rearrangement?

A. B B. A C. D D. C E. E

Answer - Option E
Explanation - The Correct Sequence is CEDBA
Q2. Which would be the Fifth sentence after Rearrangement?

A. B B. A C. E D. D E. C

Answer - Option B
Explanation - The Correct Sequence is CEDBA
Q3. Which would be the Third sentence after Rearrangement?

A. E B. D C. A D. C E. B

Answer - Option B
Explanation - The Correct Sequence is CEDBA
Directions (4Q - 5Q): In each of the following questions, one phrase has been given and it has been followed by four sentences. And answer them.
Q4. Dead letter I. The representatives of the two states tried to enforce a treaty which was a dead letter II. Despite maintenance, the letters in the post office looked dead letters and dirty. III. He never expected a dead letter from his own friend. IV. The treaty had been a dead letter for many years.

A. I, II B. All except III C. II, III D. I, IV E. All are correct

Answer - Option D
Explanation - Dead letter – no longer in force, dormant
Q5. Baker’s dozen I. He bought a baker’s dozen of biscuits. II. The man in the white suit in the cafe looked like a baker’s dozen candy. III. The shopkeeper couldn’t believe he was made a baker’s dozen before everyone. IV. You should get a baker’s dozen donuts on your birthday.

A. I, IV B. II, III C. All except IV D. III, IV E. All are correct

Answer - Option A
Explanation - Baker’s dozen – thirteen