Introduction
What is a Syllogism?
A syllogism is a deductive argument relating two premises and a conclusion, all of which are quantified propositions, i.e. propositions joining concepts by using words such as ‘some’ and ‘all’. In simple terms, Syllogism is a deductive argument that is primarily composed of 3 propositions. One of the propositions is used as the conclusion of the syllogism and the other two propositions are used as the premises of the syllogism. Deductive Logic is used to derive conclusions from premises where the truth of the conclusion must always be contained in the truth of the premises. Syllogism Practice Quiz 4 presents Syllogism questions with solutions useful for candidates preparing for different competitive examinations like RRB ALP/Technical Exams/Junior Engineer Recruitment Exams, SSC CGL,SSC CHSL, IBPS, SBI PO, SBI Clerks, CAT and etc.
Syllogism is derived from the Greek word syllogismos, meaning conclusion or inference. Some syllogisms contain three components:
- Major Premise
- Minor Premise
- Conclusion
Quiz
Direction(1-5): In each of the following questions there are two or three statements. Which are followed by three or four conclusions. Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements.
1. Statements:
All the books are papers. Some papers are journals. Some journals are calendars.
Conclusions:
1. Some journals are books.
2. Some calendars are papers.
3. Some books are journals.
4. Some books are calendars.
None of these follows
2. Statements:
All the bottles are boxes. All the boxes are bags. Some bags are trays.
Conclusions:
1. Some bottles are trays.
2. Some trays are boxes.
3. All the bottles are bags.
4. Some trays are bags.
Only (3) and (4)
3. Statements:
Some cars are jeeps. All the boxes are jeeps. All the pens are cars.
Conclusions:
1. Some cars are boxes.
2. No pen is jeep.
3. Some boxes are cars.
None of three
4. 1.Statements:
All banks are shops.
Some houses are shops.
Some houses are miracles.
Conclusions:
1.Some miracles are shops is a possibility.
2.Some banks are houses is a possibility.Statements:
If both conclusion I and II follow.
5. Statements:
Some cups are not bolts.
All dusters are balls.
All cups are balls.
Conclusions:
1. All bolts are cups.
2. Some dusters are cups is a possibility. Statements :
If only conclusions II follows.
- A. Only (2)
B. Only (3)
C. Only (4)
D. None of the four
- A. Only (3) and (4)
B. Only (1) and (2)
C. Only (2) and (3)
D. Only (1) and (4)
- A. None of three
B. Only (1) and (2)
C. Only (1) and (3)
D. Only (2) and (3)
- A. If only conclusion I follows.
B. If only conclusions II follows.
C. If either conclusion I or II follows.
D. If both conclusion I and II follow.
- A. If only conclusion I follows.
B. If only conclusions II follows.
C. If either conclusion I or II follows.
D. If both conclusion I and II follow.
Direction(1-5): In each of the following questions there are two or three statements. Which are followed by three or four conclusions. Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements.
1. Statements:
All new are modern.
Some modern are old.
All old are gold.
Conclusions:
1. Some new are old is a possibility.
2. No modern is gold.
From the above diagram
Conclusion 2 Negative, does not follow
The possible diagram for conclusion 1 as follows
If only conclusion I follows.
2. Statements:
Some belts are leathers.
All leathers are skins.
Some skins are white.
Conclusions:
1.Some belts are skins.
2.Some belts are white is a possibility.
From the above diagram
Conclusion 1 affirmative follow
The possible diagram for conclusion 2 as follows
If both conclusions I and II follow.
3. Statements:
Some mocks are exams.
Some exams are banks.
No bank is a local.
Conclusions:
1. Some mocks are local.
2. No local is a mock.
From the above diagram
Conclusion 1 affirmative, does not follow
Conclusion 2 negative follows
As the negative conclusion follows, let us negate it by using an alternative diagram.
Conclusion 2 is negated, does not follow but which did not follow earlier (Conclusion)1 follows now.
i.e, Either conclusion 1 or 2 follows
4. Statements:
Some blue are black.
Some black are brown.
Some brown are red.
Conclusions:
1. Some blue are brown.
2. Some black are red.
If neither conclusion I nor II follows.
5. Statements:
All symbols are letters.
Some letters are numbers.
No numbers is a digit.
Conclusions:
1. All letters are digits is a possibility.
2. Some symbols are digits is a possibility.
If only conclusion II follows.
- A. If only conclusion I follows.
B. If only conclusion II follows.
C. If either conclusion I or II follows.
D. If neither conclusion I nor II follows.
- A. If only conclusion I follows.
B. If only conclusion II follows.
C. If either conclusion I or II follows.
D. If both conclusions I and II follow.
- A. If only conclusion I follows.
B. If only conclusion II follows.
C. If either conclusion I or II follows.
D. If both conclusions I and II follow.
- A. If only conclusion I follows.
B. If only conclusion II follows.
C. If either conclusion I or II follows.
D. If neither conclusion I nor II follows.
- A. If only conclusion I follows.
B. If only conclusion II follows.
C. If either conclusion I or II follows.
D. If neither conclusion I nor II follows.
Direction(1-5): In each of the following questions there are two or three statements. Which are followed by three or four conclusions. Choose the conclusions which logically follow from the given statements.
1. Statements:
All orchids are flowers.
Some orchids are beautiful.
Conclusions:
1. Some flowers are beautiful.
2. All beautiful are flowers.
2. Statements:
Some herbs are not plants.
All herbs are shrubs.
Conclusions:
1. All shrubs are plants is not a possibility.
2. All plants are shrubs is not a possibility.
3. Statements:
Some medicines are tablets.
Some medicines are not effective.
Conclusions:
1. Some tablets are effective.
2. No effective thing is a tablet.
if both conclusions I and II follow
5. Statements:
All fashionable are addicts.
All addicts are noteworthy.
Conclusions:
1. No noteworthy is fashionable.
2. Some noteworthy are fashionable
- A. if only conclusion I follows
B. if only conclusion II follows.
C. if either I or II follows.
D. if neither I nor II follows.
- A. if only conclusion I follows
B. if only conclusion II follows.
C. if either I or II follows.
D. if neither I nor II follows.
- A. if only conclusion I follows
B. if only conclusion II follows.
C. if either I or II follows.
D. if neither I nor II follows.
- A. if only conclusion I follows
B. if only conclusion II follows.
C. if either I or II follows.
D. if both conclusions I and II follow.
- A. if only conclusion I follows
B. if only conclusion II follows.
C. if either I or II follows.
D. if both conclusions I and II follow.
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