Direction: (1 - 10)
Each of the following questions consists of statements followed by two conclusions. Read the given statements carefully and identify which of the conclusions directly follow.
1. Statements:

Sheila is an MBA. Some MBAs specialize in Information Systems Management.

Conclusions:

I. Sheila specialized in Information Systems Management. II. Not all MBAs specialize in Information System Management.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
None of the conclusions follow as ‘some’ may mean all and the given statement does not give any clarity on the same. Sheila may or may not specialize in Information System Management. Hence, option (D) is correct.
2. Statements:

Asphalt is very hard. Oil is of the same density as asphalt.

Conclusions:

I. Oil is very hard. II. The density of asphalt and oil can be measured.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option B
Explanation -
Conclusion I is incorrect because the reason for asphalt being hard is not known. It could be the presence of factors like asphalt’s composition, its texture etc. that make it hard. So, even if oil and asphalt are of the same density, oil may not be as hard as asphalt. Only conclusion II follows because the statement clearly indicates that oil and asphalt are of the same density and such a statement can only be made after measuring the density of these two substances.
3. Statements:

Murder is a moral offence. You have committed a moral offence.

Conclusions:

I. You are a murderer. II. Murderers are immoral.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
None of the conclusions is true. Committing a single act of moral offence cannot account for being called immoral. So conclusion II is incorrect. Conclusion I does not follow because murder is one of the immoral acts but may not be the only immoral act. 4. Statements:

Earth is a part of our solar system. Our solar system is part of the milky way galaxy.

Conclusions:

I. Earth is part of the milky way galaxy. II. Milky way galaxy is in the solar system.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
Only conclusion I follows as ‘earth’ is a subset of ‘solar system’ which is a subset of ‘milky way galaxy’. Conclusion II is incorrect as ‘solar system’ is a subset of ‘milky way galaxy’ and not vice versa.
5. Statements:

Watching cricket is one of the major recreational activities in India. He has gone for recreation.

Conclusions:

I. He has gone to watch cricket. II. Cricket is sometimes played for pleasure in India

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
None of the conclusion follows. Conclusion I is incorrect because watching cricket is one of the recreational activities but not the only recreational activity. He may or may not be watching cricket. Conclusion II is incorrect because in India, cricket is watched for pleasure and not played for pleasure
6. Statements:

For the past 10 years people of Kashmir have lost their peace of mind because of fear of terrorist attack. My uncle who is residing in Kashmir has also lost his peace of mind.

Conclusions:

I. My uncle may be fearing a terrorist attack. II. People staying in Kashmir can not lead a peaceful life.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
Only conclusion I follows as it talks of a possibility (may). Conclusion II is incorrect because the given statements refer to a specified time frame (over the past ten years) but conclusion II makes a general statement which cannot be definitely concluded.
7. Statements:

Sachin owns a Ferrari. Some Ferrari's have left hand drive.

Conclusions:

I. Sachin had bought a Ferrari for himself. II. Sachin’s car may have a left-hand drive.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option B
Explanation -
Conclusion I is incorrect because if Sachin owns a Ferrari, it does not necessarily mean that he had bought one. He could have got it as a present from his father. Only conclusion II follows as it talks about a possibility. Since some Ferrari have left hand drive, it is quite possible that Sachin’s Ferrari is also left-hand drive.
8. Statements:

The reason for the upsurge in the incidence of cardiac disease among young professionals is occupational stress. M r. Singh, a young professional recently succumbed to cardiac arrest.

Conclusions:

I. Mr. Singh's death was due to occupational stress. II. A lot of young professionals are facing occupational stress now days.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
Conclusion I does not follow because occupational stress is one of the reasons for cardiac arrest but not the only reason for it. Conclusion II is incorrect because though there is an increase in the number of young professionals affected by cardiac diseases, but it cannot be definitely said that a lot of them have been prey to occupational stress. The term ‘lot’ cannot be defined as we do not have numbers here.
9. Statements:

CET forms can be procured either by paying cash or by submitting a DD. Many people prefer cash. She has procured a CET form.

Conclusions:

I. She submitted a DD for the CET form. II. Purchasing t he for m by making cash payment is more convenient than paying through a DD.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
Conclusion I is incorrect because the statements clearly say that there are two ways of procuring the form, so she could have chosen either of the two. Conclusion II is incorrect as people may prefer cash because it is safer or faster or cheaper.
10. Statements:

Polar bears do not have fur on them. Animal X doesn’t have fur on it.

Conclusions:

I. Animal X is from the poles. II. Polar bear’s skin is thick enough to protect it from cold.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
None of the conclusions follow. I is incorrect because there could be another variety of animal which doesn’t have fur too. So, we cannot say that animal X is from the poles. II is out of scope as nothing has been said about polar bear’s skin.
Direction: (11 - 15)
In the following questions, one/two statements are followed by two conclusions 1 and 2. You have t o consider the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements.
11. Statements:

1. Alexander visited Egypt. 2. Cleopatra was the queen of Egypt.

Conclusions:

1. Alexander met Cleopatra. 2. Egypt was a monarchy.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
Only conclusion 2 follows, since a queen reigns over a monarchy.
12. Statements:

1. India is a democratic country. 2. Pakistan is a democratic country.

Conclusions:

1. India and Pakistan are both democratic. 2. India and Pakistan are neighbors.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option C
Explanation -
Only conclusion 1 follows, since geographical proximity is not mentioned.
13. Statements:

1. Cricket is played with red balls. 2. Snooker uses many red balls.

Conclusions:

1. Snooker can be played with cricket balls. 2. Cricket can be played with snooker balls.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option B
Explanation -
Both conclusions 1 and 2 follow, since there is no difference between red balls as used in the statements.
14. Statements:

1. Many people are rich and educated. 2. Many educated people are poor.

Conclusions:

1. Rich people are educated. 2. Poor people are educated.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
Neither conclusion follows, since not all rich or poor people may be educated.
15. Statements:

The government provides subsidies to help rich people.

Conclusions:

1. Rich people need help. 2. Rich people get subsidies.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
Neither of the conclusions follow. Conclusion 1 is incorrect because if government helps someone, it does not imply that that someone definitely needs help. Conclusion 2 is incorrect because we cannot say that all rich people get subsidies.

Direction: (1 - 10)
In the following questions, one/two statements are followed by two conclusions 1 and 2. You have t o consider the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements.
1. Statements:

1. The company reported losses in the first quarter. 2. The company has been profitable in the past.

Conclusions:

1. The company will make a profit in the second quarter. 2. The company is going to be bought by a bigger company.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
Neither conclusion follows, since we don’t know the second quarter results or any plans of bigger companies.
2. Statements:

1. A flag has many colors. 2. India’s flag has 4 colors, including white.

Conclusions:

1. India may not be a nation. 2. India has to be a nation.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option C
Explanation -
Only conclusion 1 follows, since it is not mentioned that everything with a flag must be a nation.
3. Statements:

1. Rich people have lots of free time. 2. Rich people buy many cars.

Conclusions:

1. Having many cars saves time. 2. Many rich people purchase cars.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
There is no relation between cars and time in the statements. So conclusion 1 is incorrect . Conclusion 2 does not follow because the statement merely says that rich people purchase ‘many’ car s. But whet her a few rich people purchase many cars or many rich people buy many cars is not hinted at.
4. Statements:

1. Air travel is more expensive than train travel. 2. Train travel takes less time than air travel.

Conclusions:

1. To save time, one should use train travel. 2. To save money, one should use train travel.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option B
Explanation -
Both conclusions follow, since according to the statements, air travel is more expensive as well as slower.
5. Statements:

1. Athletes like David exercise for more than a quarter of every day. 2. For anyone to become an athlete, they must do more than 6 hours of exercise everyday.

Conclusions:

David exercises for more than 6 hours everyday. 2. Anyone can be an athlete.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
Only conclusion 1 follows because quarter of a day means more than 6 hours. Conclusion 2 is incorrect because nothing has been mentioned about who all can become an athlete.
6. Statements:

1. Watches are used to keep track of time. 2. Clocks are made all over the world to keep track of time.

Conclusions:

1. Clocks and watches are substitutes of each other. 2. Watches are made all over the world.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
None of the conclusions follow. 1 is incorrect because though a watch and a clock serve the same primary purpose but a watch can be used on the move while a clock is stationary. So, they cannot be used interchangeably. 2 is incorrect because nothing has been said about production of watches.
7. Statements:

1. The government holds exams to select people for various posts lying vacant. 2. Many people give these exams to get their first jobs.

Conclusions:

1. There are many posts that need to be filled. 2. Many people are unemployed.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
None of the conclusions follow as nothing has been mentioned about the number of posts that are vacant and about the number of people who are unemployed. So ‘many posts’ in conclusion 1 and ‘many people’ in conclusion 2 cannot be deduced from the given statements.
8. Statements:

1. North Korea and South Korea are separated by water. 2. They threaten war on each other

Conclusions:

1. North Korea and South Korea are islands. 2. They are fighting over who gets to keep the water between them.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
Neither conclusion follows, since separation from each other by water is not tantamount to being an island. Also, the reason for war threats is not given.
9. Statements:

1. The Internet is a web of inter connect ed computers. 2. All computers have input and output devices.

Conclusions:

1. The Internet is an output device. 2. A single computer cannot make an Internet.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
. Only conclusion 2 follows, since Internet must have interconnected computers, or more than one computer at least. A computer having input and output devices does not make the Internet become an input or output device.
10. Statements:

1. Water is necessary for life to survive. 2. Food is necessary for life to survive.

Conclusions:

1. Water and food are life. 2. Life cannot survive without water and food.

A. if neither conclusion 1 nor conclusion 2 follows B. if both conclusions 1 and 2 follow C. if only conclusion 1 follows D. if only conclusion 2 follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
Only conclusion 2 follows from the statements, since both food and water are given as necessary for survival of life. Direction: (11 - 15)
In the following questions, two statements are given, followed by two conclusions I and II . You have to consider the statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements.
11. Statements:

1. Due to contamination of water, large number of people were admitted to hospitals. 2. The symptoms were of Typhoid.

Conclusions:

I. Contamination of water may lead to Typhoid. II. Typhoid is a contagious disease.

A. Only conclusion I is true B. Only conclusion II is true C. Both conclusions I and II are true D. Both conclusions I and II are false

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
Conclusion I is correct as it talks about a possibility. Conclusion II is out of scope.
12. Statements:

1. 60% of the government employees went on strike. 2. Mr. Gopal is a government employee.

Conclusions:

I. Mr. Gopal went on strike. II. Mr. Gopal did not participate in the strike.

A. Only conclusion I is follows B. Only conclusion II is follows C. Both conclusions I and II are follow D. Both conclusions I and II are follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
Mr. Gopal may or may not participate in strike. So, both conclusions are possible and one of them must be true.
13. Statements:

1. Temple is a place of worship. 2. Church is also a place of worship.

Conclusions:

I. Hindus and Christians use the same place for worship. II. All churches are temples

A. Neither conclusion I nor II follows B.Both conclusions I and II follows C. Only conclusion I follows D. Only conclusion II follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
Temple and Church may or may not overlap. Further, no information is given about Hindus and/ or Christians. Thus, neither conclusion follows.
14. Statements:

1. India is becoming industrialized. 2. Pollution is a problem associated with industrialization.

Conclusions:

I. Polluted nations are industrialized. II. India may become polluted.

A. All are appropriate B. Only I is appropriate C. Only II is appropriate D. None is appropriate

Answer - Option
Explanation -
Conclusion II talks about a ‘possibility’ of Indian becoming polluted due to industrialization and hence is correct. Conclusion I cannot be drawn as not hing has been mentioned about polluted nations.
15. Statements:

1. Happiness derived from external materials is momentary. 2. Everlasting happiness has to come from within.

Conclusions:

I. Nobody can experience happiness from outside. II. Happiness experienced from cinema is not lasting

A. Only I follows B. Only II follows C. Neither I nor II follows D. Both I and II follow

Answer - Option B
Explanation -
Only conclusion II follows because happiness experienced from cinema cannot be categorized as happiness coming from within one’s soul and statement 1 clearly states that ever lasting happiness comes from within.

Direction: (1 - 10)
Each of the following questions consist of statements followed by two conclusions. Read the given statements carefully and identify which of the conclusions directly follow.
1. Statements:

The Planning Commission is opposed to the proposal. It feels that the cost of subsidizing helicopter operations will be exorbitant.

Conclusions:

I. The Planning Commission wants the government to spend less on itself. II. Helicopter operations must be subsidized.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
I is neither stated nor implied. So, I does not follow. II contradicts the idea of planning commission. So, II does not follow
2. Statements:

The population below the poverty line is computed on the basis of minimum daily calorie requirement of food and actual consumption. Forty-eight percent of India's population lives below the poverty line.

Conclusions:

I. Forty-eight percent of the people in India do not get the required calories of food. II. Poverty is India's biggest problem.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
We cannot infer from the passage whether poverty is India’s biggest problem or not. Only conclusion I follows.
3. Statements:

The policy of liberalization will make the rich richer and the poor poorer. The disparity between the rich and the poor will widen.

Conclusions:

I. Liberalization is not good for India. II. The rich believe in liberalization.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
The statements do not say anything about India. Hence, I is negated. II talks about the beliefs of the rich and is beyond the scope of the argument.
4. Statements:

National integration cannot be achieved because there are contrasts between the rich and the poor and different religious groups.

Conclusions:

I. Contrasts hinder integration. II. National integration is essential for India.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
The statement implies that the wide gap between the rich and the poor hinders national integration. So, I can be concluded. The statement does not make any mention of India, so II is beyond the scope of the argument.
5. Statements:

A simple DNA test can predict whether someone is more likely to lose weight on a low fat or a low carbohydrate diet, say US researchers. Their study looked at how well people with different genes fared on different weight loss diets.

Conclusions:

I. People’s bodies react to certain nutrients differently and this is related to their genetic makeup. II. A better under standing of one’s genetic makeup helps in charting out one’s diet pattern to lose weight.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option C
Explanation -
It’s stated that a DNA test can predict whether someone is more likely to lose weight on a low fat or low carbohydrate diet. This means that a person’s genetic makeup determines how his/her body reacts to certain nutrients and this may play a role in charting out one’s diet pattern. Hence, conclusions I & II follow
6. Statements:

There are glaring inequalities between man and man. Laws can ensure an ordered society but only hard work will help us t o achieve the social objective of economic goals.

Conclusions:

I. Only hard work can remove economic inequalities. II. Economic equality is more important than discipline.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
When the argument talks about inequalities, it does not specify that it is mentioning the economic or the social ones. We have no clarity about the social objectives of economic goals. Thus I is quite far fetched and cannot be concluded. II is irrelevant.
7. Statements:

The deadlock persisted for the fourth consecutive day despite hectic efforts. Then, a meeting between the Prime Minister and the farmers' leaders was arranged.

Conclusions:

I. The Meeting with the Prime Minister ended the deadlock. II. The meeting between the Prime Minister and the farmers' leader was the result of the hectic effort

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
Neither of the conclusions follow because one does not know if the meeting ended the deadlock and whether it was the result of the hectic effort.
8. Statements:

Beauty is God’s gift and everything and everyone has beauty, but not everyone identifies it.

Conclusions:

I. Some people identify beauty. II. Beauty is ubiquitous.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
‘Ubiquitous’ means present everywhere. So, II definitely follows as the main statement says that “Beauty is God’s gift and everything and everyone has beauty.” Not everyone includes the possibility that no one identifies it. Hence, I does not follow.
9. Statements:

The function of science is to supply reliable and relevant information to the society. Its information is reliable due to its elaborate technique of verification and also because such information is capable of surviving for centuries.

Conclusions:

I. Scientific information is beyond the scope of revision. II. Scientific information is verifiable.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option B
Explanation -
Only II follows. I is vague as the ‘scope of revision’ cannot be deduced.
10. Statements:

The human organism grows and develops through stimulation and action.

Conclusions:

I. Inert human organism cannot grow and develop. II. Human organisms do not react to stimulation and action.

A. if only conclusion I follows B. if only conclusion II follows C. if both conclusions I and II follow D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
Both conclusions are incorrect as nothing has been said about inert human organisms and about the conditions in which they react.
11. ‘All beggars are poor.’ If the above statement is true, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?

A. All those who are poor are beggars. B. If A is rich, then A is not a beggar C. If A is not rich, then A is not a beggar D. If A is a beggar, then A is not rich.

Answer - Option D
12. Statements:

No children are voters.

Conclusions:

I. All adults are voters. II. No voters are children

A. Only conclusion I follows B. Only conclusion II follows C. Both conclusions I and II follow D. Neither conclusion I nor II follows

Answer - Option B
Explanation -
The given statement is Universal Negative. Conclusion II is Converse of it
13. Statements:

Ministers arrived at the public function in their cars

Conclusions:

I. All ministers are rich II. Ministers have cars. III. Ministers came to the public function.

A. Only II and III are implicit in the statement. B. Only I is implicit in the statement C. Only I and II are implicit in the statement D. Only III and I are implicit in the statement.

Answer - Option A
Explanation -
The use of term ‘All’ in the conclusion I makes it invalid. We know that, definite conclusion cannot be drawn from general statement . Ministers arrived at the public function in their cars. Thus, ministers have cars and they attended public function. Therefore, only II and III are implicit in the statement.
14. Statements:

Philanthropies with their human compassion and zeal to help the needy have contributed to human welfare in every society.

Conclusions:

I. Rich persons are philanthropies II. Poor people cannot act as philanthropies.

A. Only I is implicit in the statement. B. Both I and II are implicit C. Neither I nor II is implicit. D. Only II is implicit.

Answer - Option C
Explanation -
Any person can be philanthropy whether he is rich or poor
15. Fertilizer consumption in India in 1984-85 was 8.21 MT. By 1990 it was 13.75 MT and by 2000 it is expected to reach 16 MT. What is your conclusion?

A. Fertilizer consumption is steady. B. There is a steady decrease in fertilizer consumption. C. Fertilizer consumption does not show any trend. D. There is a steady increase in s fertilizer consumption.

Answer - Option D
Explanation -
The given data indicates that there is a steady increase of fertilizer consumption.