Directions(1 - 9): Read the following passage carefully and answer all questions given below it.
John Maynard Keynes, the trendiest dead economist of this apocalyptic moment, was the godfather of government stimulus. Keynes had the radical idea that throwing money at recessions through aggressive deficit spending would resuscitate flatlined economies- and he wasn’t too particular about where the money was thrown. In the depths of the Depression, he suggested that the Treasury could “fill old bottles with banknotes, bury them at suitable depths in disused coal mines” then sit back and watch a money-mining boom create jobs and prosperity. “It would, indeed, be more sensible to build houses and the like, “he wrote, but “the above would be better than nothing.”
As President-elect Barack Obama prepares to throw money at the current downturn-a stimulus package starting at about $800 billion, plus the second $350 billion chunk of the financial bailout-we all really do seem to be Keynesians now. Just about every expert agrees that pumping $1 trillion into a moribund economy will rev up the ethereal goods-and-services engine that Keynes called “aggregate demand” and stimulate at least some shortterm activity, even if it is all wasted on money pits. But Keynes was also right that there would be more sensible ways to spend it. There would also be less sensible ways to spend it. A trillion dollars’ worth of bad ideas-sprawl-inducing highways and bridges to nowhere, ethanol plants and pipelines that accelerate global warming, tax breaks for overleveraged McMansion builders and burdensome new long-term federal entitlements-would be worse than mere waste. It would be smarter to buy every American an iPod, a set of Ginsu knives and 600 Subway foot-longs.
It would be smarter still to throw all that money at things we need to do anyway, which is the goal of Obama’s upcoming American Recovery and Reinvestment Plan. It will include a mix of tax cuts, aid to beleaguered state and local governments; and spending to address needs ranging from food stamps to computerized health records to bridge repairs to broadband network to energy-efficiency retrofits, all designed to save or create 3 million to 4 million jobs by the end of 2010. Obama has said speed is his top priority because the faster Washington injects cash into the financial bloodstream, the better it stands to help avert a multiyear slump with double-digit unemployment and deflation. But he also wants to use the stimulus to advance his long-term priorities : reducing energy use and carbon emissions, cutting middle-class taxes, upgrading neglected infrastructure, reining in health-care costs and eventually reducing the budget deficits that exploded under George W. Bush. Obama’s goal is to exploit this crisis in the best sense of the word to start pursuing his vision of a greener, father, more competitive, more sustainable economy.
Unfortunately, while 21st century Washington has demonstrated an impressive ability to spend money quickly, it has yet to prove that it can spend money wisely. And the chum of a 1 with 12 zeros is already creating a feeding frenzy for the ages. Lobbyists for shoe companies, zoos, catfish farmers, mall owners, airlines, public broadcasters, car dealers and everyone else who can afford their retainers are lining up for a piece of the stimulus. States that embarked on raucous spending and tax cuttng sprees when they were flush are begging for bailouts now that they’re broke. And politicians are dusting off their unfunded mobster museums, waterslides and other pet projects for rebranding as shovel-ready infrastructure investments. As Obama’s aides scramble to assemble something effective and transformative as well as politically achievable, they acknowledge the tension between his desires for speed and reform.
1. What, according to Keynes, is the “aggregate demand”?

(a) Stimulation of a short-term activity (b) Goods and Services Sector (c) Attempting to rev up the sluggish economy (d) Pumping one trillion dollars into economy

Answer: b
2. Which of the following is/are corrective measure(s) as part of the long term priorities of Obama that was an outcome of his predecessor’s regime? (1) Countering recession through immediate rescue operations. (2) Reining the budget deficit. (3) Creating a more sustainable economy.

(a) (1) & (2) only (b) (2) & (3) only (c) (1) & (3) only (d) None of these

Answer: d
3. John M. Keynes was advocate of which of the following suggestions?

(a) Spending money recklessly during recessions is suicidal (b) Government stimulus to economy may not help because of red-tapism (c) Aggressive deficit spending is likely to be fatal for economic meltdown (d) Exorbitant spending during recessions is likely to boost economy

Answer: d
4. The author of the passage calls Barack Obama and his team as “Keynesians” because.

(a) Barack Obama and his team have decided to fil old bottles with banknotes (b) His team is advising Barack to refrain from Keynes’ philosophy (c) Barack Obama has been reluctant to follow Keynes’ philosophy (d) Building houses has been under the active consideration of Barack Obama and his team

Answer: a
5. Which of the following is TRUE about Keynes’ philosophy?

(a) Actual spending money during meltdown is more important than where and on what it is spent (b) Filling old bottles with banknotes and burying them is an atrocious proposal (c) Government should be selective in approach for spending money during recession (d) Creating jobs and prosparity during recessions is almost an impracticable proposal

Answer: c
6. According to the author of the passage, food stamps, bridge repairs, etc. are the projects that.

(a) Do not warrant urgent spending as they have a lower utility value (b) Need the least investment and priority as compared to building houses for the needy (c) May not have any favourable impact on attempts to counter recession (d) None of these

Answer: d
7. Obama desires to accelerate the process of pumping money with utmost rapidity as he believes that it would. (1) Help create reasonably high employment opportunities (2) Avoid deflation (3) Inject cash into the already troubled economy

(a) (1) and (2) only (b) (2) and (3) only (c) (1) and (3) only (d) All (1) (2) and (3)

Answer: d
8. Obama’s upcoming American Recovery and Reinvestment Plan focuses on which of the following? (1) Recovery of all debts from the debtors in a phased manner. (2) Pumping money very liberally in projects that are mandatory. (3) Investing money recklessly in any project regardless of its utility.

(a) (1) only (b) (2) only (c) (3) only (d) (2) and (3) only

Answer: d
9. Highways, bridges, ethanol plants, etc. are considered by the author as.

(a) Reasonably appropriate propositions to spend money on (b) Tax saving schemes bestowed on builders (c) Imprudent proposals to waste money on (d) Measures that affect the environment adversely

Answer: d
Directions (10-14): In each of the questions given below, a part of the sentence is missing. Choose the part/ parts that fits in the sentence contextually and grammatically.
10. Here, then, is the takeaway- good science not only solves problems but also can _________, at where and how it can improve. (A) take a hard look at itself (B) introspect (C) look within oneself

(a) Only All A, B and C (b) Only A and B (c) Only B and C (d) Only A and C (e) None of the above

Answer: e
11. While she codified typically feminine behavior in her treatises on moral instruction, she is ___________ agitating for female education, a radical stance at the time. (A) moreover given credit in (B) also praised for (C) also credited with

(a) Only C (b) Only A and B (c) Only B and C (d) Only A and C (e) None of the above

Answer: c
12. The domino theory was a Cold War policy that suggested a communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighboring states, each falling ___________ row of dominos. (A) like a perfectly aligned (B) into a sequence of (C) akin to a pack of

(a) Only A (b) Only A and B (c) Only B and C (d) Only A and C (e) None of the above

Answer: a
13. After marrying Harris- ___________ his stepsister- in 1867, he grew increasingly erratic and perhaps suffered from post- traumatic stress. (A) hitherto (B) who also happened to be (C) who was also

(a) Only A (b) Only A and B (c) Only B and C (d) Only A and C (e) None of the above

Answer: c
14. That, ________, is the conclusion of a study published this week by John Coates of the University of Cambridge and his colleagues. (A) in any case (B) no matter what (C) anyway

(a) All A, B and C (b) Only A and B (c) Only B and C (d) only A and C (e) None of the above

Answer: a
Directions (15-19): In each of the questions below, four sentences are given. Choose the sentence that is grammatically or meaningfully incorrect. If all are correct, mark option (E) as your answer. 15.

(a) A forlorn hope is fought for by brave men, and the bravest do not fight for an issue they know to be hopeless. (b) The bravest do not fight for an issue they know to be hopeless, while the brave men fight for a forlorn hope. (c) While brave men fight for a forlorn hope, the bravest do not fight for an issue they know to be hopeless. (d) Brave men fight for a forlorn hope, but the bravest do not fight for an issue they know to be hopeless. (e) All are correct

Answer: a Explanation: The cumulative conjunction 'and' is not grammatically correct and needs to be replaced with the adversative conjunction 'but' to make the sentence correct as the context of the statement presents contrasting set of information.
16.

(a) As you may have seen from our wrap of the overnight markets, most arrows are pointed higher today. (b) Most arrows are pointed higher today, if you look at our wrap of the overnight markets. (c) Our wrap of the overnight markets shows that most arrows are pointed higher today. (d) Since you can see from our wrap of the overnight markets, most arrows are pointed higher today. (e) All are correct

Answer: d Explanation: The word 'Since' indicates that there would be cause-effect relationship present, which is actually not there
17.

(a) We all have to work harder, because things have been so uncertain and we don't know what will pay off. (b) We don't know what will pay off because things have been so uncertain while we all have to work harder. (c) Things have been so uncertain and because we don't know what will pay off, we all have to work harder. (d) Things have been so uncertain and we don't know what will pay off; hence, we all have to work harder. (e) All are correct

Answer: b Explanation: The word 'while' is incorrect, since it is normally used either for opposite or simultaneous events, which is not the case here.
18.

(a) Baird was the GM in Kansas City and had been like a father to Greinke when he went through his anxiety issues. (b) Baird was the GM in Kansas City when Greinke went through his anxiety issues and Baird had been like a father to him. (c) When Greinke went through his anxiety issues, Baird was the GM in Kansas City and had been like a father to him. (d) Baird had been like a father to him when Greinke went through his anxiety issues and was the GM in Kansas City. (e) All are correct

Answer: d Explanation: It is not clear who is the GM in Kansas City, Baird or Grienke
19.

(a) While we look at things on a laptop, I occasionally get an early morning cuddle from my youngest daughter in the recliner. (b) Early in the morning, I get an occasional cuddle from my youngest daughter in the recliner while we look at things on a laptop. (c) I occasionally get an early morning cuddle from my youngest daughter in the recliner while we look at things on a laptop. (d) While my youngest daughter and I look at things on a laptop, I occasionally get an early morning cuddle from her in the recliner. (e) All are correct

Answer: e Explanation: All the sentences are correct
Directions (20-24): Rearrange the following jumbled words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
20. (A) and forest conservation laws substantially (B) and water resources from the adivasis to industry (C) In a series of moves, this government has (D) diluted the Forest Rights Act and various other environmental (E) in order to help the transfer of common land.

(a) CDAEB (b) ADBEC (c) ABCDE (d) DBCAE (e) BCDAE

Answer: a
21. (A) find it hard to win a vote of (B) motion in the Lok Sabha (C) the Modi government would (D) Whatever the fate of the no-confidence (E) confidence brought by the farmers

(a) CDAEB (b) ADBEC (c) ABCDE (d) DBCAE (e) BCDAE

Answer: d
22. (A) Here are ten concrete (B) why the farmers of India express (C) against this government (D) evidence-based, arguments on (E) their vote of no confidence

(a) CDAEB (b) ADBEC (c) ABCDE (d) DBCAE (e) BCDAE

Answer: b
23. (A) Both Hindus and Muslims participated (B) in the campaign, which involved (C) individuals posting a selfie (D) with a placard that (E) held a message and the hashtag.

(a) CDAEB (b) ADBEC (c) ABCDE (d) DBCAE (e) BCDAE

Answer: c
24. (A) the hashtag, and the other (B) In a matter of hours (C) social media was riven into two hostile camps (D) one scathing in its criticism of (E) steadfast in its defence of it.

(a) CDAEB (b) ADBEC (c) ABCDE (d) DBCAE (e) BCDAE

Answer: e