Introduction
SSC Complete Study Material on “Biology - One Liners” is the comprehensive collections of important topics which represent an unprecedented level of coverage of the Biology and will be helpful in the preparation of SSC and all other Competitive exams.
One Liners
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Penicillin is extracted from fungus.
- Antigen in an ill person prevents the growth of bacteria.
- Blood platelets helps in circulation of Blood.
- Boron increases the absorption of water and calcium in plants.
- Ampicillin is a large spectrum antibiotic.
- Our bones and teeth are generally made of Tricalcium phosphate.
- Arthritis affects women easily than that of men.
- Pituitary gland is located in brain.
- 70-100 is the limit of MG/DL of blood sugar in the normal person at the time of fast.
- Cane-sugar is a carbohydrate.
- 50 years is the age of the tree if the cross section of a stem of tree has fifty rings.
- Onion is a modified form of leaf.
- The pollination of maize takes place by pollination by air.
- 77 calorie of energy is released by a boiled egg.
- Radiologists do not take direct x-ray photographs of the intestine because x-rays are not able to capture clear picture.
- Animals do not have enzyme system which enable them to made use of the energy from water.
- A clone is a colony of cells having the similiar genetic constitution.
- The pollen grain of flowers pollinated by insects are rough and sticky.
- Emphysema is caused by Asbestos.
- In the eye, colour vision is affected by the presence of cones.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Quantity of fresh air required for a man is 1000 cubic feet of air for every 20 seconds.
- Reserpine is used to cure arthritis.
- ‘ELISA’ test is employed to diagnose AIDS antibodies.
- ELISA - enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
- Excessive heating and repeated use of cooking oil is most undesirable because carcinogenic substances like benzpyrene are produced.
- Acetylene gas is used for artificial fruit ripening of green fruit.
- Typhoid fever is caused by bacteria.
- Blood group AB is a universal recipient . Blood group ‘O’ is called a universal donor.
- Rod-shaped bacteria is called Bacillus.
- All the progeny obtained from a single plant by vegetative propagation are called pedigree line.
- A sponge is an animal.
- Sponges are a multicellular organism that has bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them.
- The radioactive element used in heart pace makers is Uranium.
- A,B and AB blood groups may be present in the children of a couple having blood groups A and B respectively.
- Poliomyelitis disease is caused by a virus.
- Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus.
- Thiamin is known as vitamin B1.
- Thiamin deficiency causes the disease Beriberi.
- DNA is the genetic material in most of the organism.
- Pathogenic bacteria secrete Antigens.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Milk is a colloidal system in which Fat is dispersed in water.
- Silk fibre chemically is cellulose.
- Apple is rich in iron.
- Robert Koch discovered cholera germs.
- Sweetex used by diabetic patients has an energy content of five calories.
- Oxygen is the most abundant element in the human body.
- Oxygen liberated during photosynthesis is coming from water.
- Carbon is the most abundant element in the human body.
- Night blindness results from the deficiency of Vitamin-A.
- A crab has got 6 feet.
- The ovary is found only in women.
- Gamma rays can cause gene mutation.
- Regulation of blood pH, removal of metabolic wastes from the body, regulation of osmotic pressures of the blood are the functions of the kidney.
- Water in plants is transported by xylem.
- Milk tastes sour when kept in the open for sometime due to the formation of acetic acid.
- Adrenaline is released in excess quantity during excitement.
- Clove, the commonly used spice, is obtained from the flower bud.
- Leucocytes are the blood corpuscles that help to build up resistance against diseases.
- Thyroid gland holds the body’s thermostat.
- Chromosome number in a human ovum is 46.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Hashish is obtained from a plant, it is exudate from the stem and male inflorescences.
- Heart of the body never rests.
- A substance that stimulates the production of antibodies when introduced into a living organism is known as antigen.
- ‘Darwin Finches’ refer to a group of birds.
- The tissue in man where no cell division occurs after birth is nerves.
- The source of oxygen generated during photosynthesis is water.
- Fluorine is associated with teeth disorder.
- The metal present in insulin is Zinc.
- Roundworm is a human parasite found in the Large Intestine.
- Christian Barnard introduced the use of an artificial heart for surgery.
- Milk is a rich source of Vitamin B-12.
- Solar energy is converted into chemical energy during Photosynthesis.
- 46 is the number of chromosomes in a normal human body cell.
- Exophthalmia is a deficiency disease caused by lack of Vitamin A.
- Carbohydrate is stored in the body as glycogen.
- Pituitary is referred to as the master gland.
- A synthetic compound inhibiting the growth of bacteria is an antibiotic.
- Process of digestion is helped by Enzyme.
- Kidney is the organ that excretes water, fat, and various catabolic wastes.
- EEG is used to detect the functioning of Heart.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that detects electrical activity in the brain using small, flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to scalp.
- Locked jaw disorder is the other name of disease Tetanus.
- Excretory products of the mammalian embryo are eliminated out by Placenta.
- In male sharks, Claspers are found attached to anal fin.
- Conjunctiva, part of the eye gets inflamed and become pink when dust gets into.
- Clove, the commonly used spice, is obtained from the flower bud.
- Milk is not considered a balanced diet nowadays because of the absence of Iron and Vitamin C.
- Seasickness is due to the effect of the motion of the ship on the stomach.
- The main function of White Blood cells in the body is to protect the body against diseases.
- ‘ELISA’ test is employed to diagnose AIDS antibodies.
- The largest cell in the human body is Nerve Cell.
- Protein is known as an body-builder.
- Biopsy test helps in the diagnosis of cancer.
- During dehydration, Sodium Chloride is usually lost by the body.
- The animal which uses sounds as its ‘eyes’ is Bat.
- Iodised salt controls the function of the thyroid glands in the human body.
- Coconut oil does not contain essential fatty acid.
- Pregnant women usually become deficient in Calcium And Iron.
- Violet and Red, components of light are absorbed by chlorophyll.
- Chlorophyll is a chemical in plants, that absorbs the red light and most of the blue light that comes from sunlight.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Ginger is a stem, not a root because it has nodes and internodes.
- Eyes of potato are useful for vegetative propagation.
- Taenia solium (Tape Worm) lives as a parasite in the intestine of man/woman.
- An ant can see the objects all around it due to the presence of Compound eyes.
- 0.5 second is the approximate time required for a heartbeat.
- The stomach is not a gland.
- Estrogen is a female sex hormone.
- Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone as well as a medication. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.
- Chitin makes the skin layer impervious to water.
- A fibrous substance consisting of polysaccharides, which is the major constituent in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.
- Two richest known sources of edible protein are soybean and groundnut.
- Parthenium and Elephant Grass have been found useful to check water pollution caused by industrial effluent.
- Peat variety of coal contains recognizable traces of the original plant materials.
- Algae and blue-green algae are fertilizers.
- Streptomycin is effective against tuberculosis.
- Carrot is orange in colour because it contains carotene.
- The platelet of the blood is responsible for clotting.
- Camel is a desert animal that can live without water for many days because it has the water sac in the walls of the lumen of the stomach.
- Full form of the infectious disease SARS is Severe Asthmatic Respiratory Syndrome.
- Insects responsible for transmitting diseases are called Vector.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Development of an egg without fertilization is called Parthenogenesis.
-
Symptoms Cause Weak Sight Deficiency of Vitamin A Anaemia Deficiency of Iron Skin problem Deficiency of Vitamin C Breaking of bones Deficiency of Calcium - In the process of dialysis, used on patient with affected kidneys the phenomenon involved is osmosis.
- The literal meaning of the term ‘Homo Sapiens’ is Man-The Wise.
- 80-90 mg/dl is normal blood sugar level of a human being.
- Bleeding of gums and loosening of teeth is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin C.
- During photosynthesis in plants, the gas evolved is Oxygen.
- Curd is sour due to the presence of Lactic acid.
- Plant cells contain chloroplast while animal cells do not, is true regarding plant cells and animal cells.
- The blood cholesterol level in 100 ml of blood in a normal person varies between 150 and 200 mg.
- Silk is obtained from Saliva of the silkworm.
- The body temperature is regulated by Hypothalamus.
- The seeds of certain plants fail to germinate if they do not pass through the digestive tract of fruit-eating birds, this is due to seed coat impermeability.
- Sucrose content in sugarcane decreases if frost occurs during the period of ripening.
- The deficiency of vitamin D in children causes rickets.
- Scurvy is a disease caused due to the deficiency of vitamin C.
- During photosynthesis green plants absorb carbon dioxide.
- Green House Effect is caused by carbon dioxide.
- Tamilflu is frontline drug against Bird flu.
- Excessive heating and repeated use of cooking oil are most undesirable because carcinogenic substance like benzpyrene are produced.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Iodised salt is table salt mixed with a minute amount of various salts of the element iodine. Deficiency of iodine also causes thyroid gland problems, including “endemic goitre”.
- Lac is produced from an insect.
- Quarantine regulation is concerned with the prevention of entry of diseased organism.
- Quarantine regulation is used to separate and restrict the movement of persons; it is a ‘state of enforced isolation’. This is often used in connection to disease and illness, such as those who may possibly have been exposed to a communicable disease.
- Toxicology is related to the study of poisons.
- Adrenaline hormone is released in excess quantity during excitement.
- Water in plants is transported by xylem.
- Bat can hear ultrasonic sound.
- Scientific study of birds is known as ornithology.
- Python is a non poisonous snake.
- Penicillin is used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
- Sour milk contains lactic acid.
- Alum stops bleeding in minor cuts because of coagulation.
- Triple vaccine is administered in a new born baby to immunize it against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria.
- Vitamin K can be synthesised by liver.
- Fluid part of blood devoid of corpuscles is called serum.
- Heart Murmur indicates a poor oxygenation.
- The language used in writing the scientific names of animals is Latin.
- By-product obtained by soap industry is glycerol.
- Ripe Grapes contain Fructose.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures inside the body. In many cases, MRI gives different information about structures in the body than can be seen with an X-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan.
- The science dealing with the study of teeth is Odontology.
- The study of visceral organs is Angiology.
- The branch of Biology dealing with the study of cells is known as Cytology.
- The study of extinct animals is called Palaeontology.
- The medical term used for sleeplessness is insomnia.
- The causative agent of Tuberculosis is Mycobacterium.
- The enzyme that is present in the saliva of man is Amylase.
- Blood cancer is otherwise called Leukaemia.
- Earth worm is called farmer’s friend.
- Ostrich is the tallest bird.
- The term ‘gene’ was coined by W.L. Johansson.
- Crocodile has the maximum number of ribs.
- Protein is the most important thing for the growth of children up to the age of 14.
- Glands of small intestine do not secrete any digestive enzyme.
- Study of newly born up to the age of 3 months is called Neonatology.
- The term ‘GM food’ refers to the food that is genetically modified.
- Green plants are most likely to produce greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane.
- The colour of human skin is produced by Melanin.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Typhoid is not transmitted via blood transfusion.
- Dogfish is a fish.
- Caffeine, Piperine and Nicotine is plant products.
- Heparin is the anti-coagulant substance in blood.
- Peacock, Ostrich and Tortoise bear no teeth.
- Jaundice is a symptom of the disease of the Liver.
- The vaccination against smallpox involves the introduction of Weakened germs.
- Deficiency of Vitamin B6 in man causes Anaemia.
- Lotus is the national flower of India.
- First, successful heart transplantation was done by C. N. Barnard.
- Yellow Fever is transmitted by Anopheles.
- Washing of peeled vegetables removes the vitamin C.
-
List-I (Discoverer) List-II (Discoveries) Jenner Vaccination Watson Double helix Landsteiner Blood grouping Fleming Penicillin - A man with colour blindness will see red as Yellow.
- When a person walking in bright Sunlight enters a dark room, he is not able to see clearly for a little while because the iris is unable to dilate the pupil immediately.
- The metal, which is a constituent of vitamin B12 is Cobalt.
- According to WHO, the bird flu virus cannot be transmitted through cooked food beyond 70 degree Celsius.
- There are four chambers in the human heart.
- A universal recipient belongs to the blood group AB.
- O Rh D negative blood is often called universal donors.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Vitamin K helps in blood clotting.
- A heart attack is caused by hypotension.
- Cold blooded animals change their body temperature in accordance with the atmosphere.
- Human cloning is permitted in Britain for the purpose of Research.
- Hepatitis is a viral disease.
- Dolly, the World’s First cloned animal was a sheep.
- The large amount of sugar present in human blood is glucose.
- Mumps is a viral disease in man.
- The major constituent of gobar gas is Methane.
- The expansion for AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
- Beekeeping is known as Apiculture.
- Among the defects of the eye, the short sightedness is called Myopia.
- The greenhouse effect is caused by the higher level of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
- A colour-blind person cannot distinguish between certain colours.
- An ECG shows the functioning of the heart.
- The purest form of water is Rainwater.
- The main constituent of biogas is Methane.
- The most abundant element in the human body is Oxygen.
- Carbon dioxide, Nitric oxide and Chlorofluorocarbon are greenhouse gases.
- Vegetables are easily perishable because of their high content of Water.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Anaemia occurs due to the deficiency of Folic Acid.
- For a healthy heart, one needs to take a balanced diet, adequate sleep and Do the right amount of physical exercise.
- AIDS is a viral disease.
- Amoebic dysentery is caused by Entamoeba histolytica.
- DNA test was developed by Dr. Alec Jeffreys.
- Following are correct
- Deep fried food materials are carcinogenic because they are rich in Fats
- The toxicity of Copper metal leads to liver cirrhosis.
- If the radius of blood vessels of a person decreases his/her blood pressure will increase.
- Cell or tissue death within a living body is called as Neutrophilia.
- The insufficient blood supply in the human body is referred to as Ischemia.
- Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi.
- BCG immunization is for Tuberculosis.
- Besides carbohydrates, a major source of energy in our food is constituted by Fats.
- The limb bones of children become bent if there is a deficiency of vitamin D.
- Leprosy bacillus was discovered by Hansen.
- A medicine which promotes the secretion of urine is called Diuretic.
- The chemicals released by one species of animals in order to attract the other members of the same species are Pheromones.
- Jaundice is caused due to the infection ofLiver.
- The average heartbeat rate per minute in a normal person is 72.
- i. AIDS is a retroviral disease
ii. AIDS disease spreads due to homosexual and bisexual relations
iii. Due to AIDS, ano-genital warts are formed
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- EEG records the activity of Brain.
- The colour of cow’s milk is slight yellow due to the presence of Carotene.
- Diphtheria is a communicable disease.
- The concentration of Haemoglobin decreases in anaemia.
- Plagueusually spreads through the air.
- Cereals are a rich source of Starch.
- Small Pox is caused by Variola Virus.
- Aerobic respiration process requires Oxygen.
- A vitamin requires cobalt for its activity. The vitamin is Vitamin B12.
- Plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells is made up of Phospholipid.
- The mitochondrion is also called the ‘power plants’ of the cell.
- In the process of Respiration, energy is released.
- Animals living in the three trunks are known as Arboreal.
- The RBCs agglutinate to a person who receives the wrong type of blood.
- NIS stands for National Immunisation Schedule.
- If all bullets could not be removed from gunshot injury of a man, it may cause poisoning by Lead.
- Ringworm is a fungal disease.
- Pituitary gland is situated in the base of the brain.
- Oxygen which is vital for life is a product of photosynthesis and comes from water.
- Chewing gum is made from latex.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- The brain of a human adult weighs about 1200- 1300 gm.
- Total number of bones in man is 206.
- Russell’s viper, a snake killed for its beautiful skin has been declared endangered species.
- Japan was the first country that launched world’s first satellite for monitoring Greenhouse gases.
- The colour of the eye upon the pigment present in Iris.
- The iris has pigmentation that determines the eye colour. Irises are classified as being one of six colours: amber, blue, brown, gray, green, hazel, or red.
- The ability of the eye to seek in the dark is due to the production of a purple pigment known as Retinene.
- Whole grain cereals and pulses are more nutritious.
- Giraffe is a dumb animal.
- The vitamin most readily destroyed by heat is Ascorbic acid.
- Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid.
- BCG, Anti-rabies and Polio vaccine are vaccines.
- Bacteria was first discovered by A.V. Leeuwenhoek.
- The disease that is caused by virus is common cold.
- The locomotory organ of ‘Amoeba’ is Pseudo-podia.
- The numbers of chromosome present in normal human being are 46.
- An instrument for measuring blood pressure is called Sphygmomanometer.
- The tern ‘Rh factor’ refers to Rhesus factor.
- The discoverer of penicillin was Alexander Fleming.
- Blood groups were discovered by Landsteiner.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- The weight of an average human brain is about 1.46 kg.
- The animal which can tolerate more summer heat is Goat.
- According to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution, long necks in giraffes arose because of constant attempt to reach leaves on tall trees, generation after generation.
- Rickets is the deficiency disease of Vitamin D, which affect the bone.
- ‘Darwin finches’ refers to a group of Birds.
- The tissue in man where no cell division occurs after birth is nerves.
- DNA fingerprinting is used to identify the Parents, Rapist and Thieves.
- The normal cholesterol level in human blood is 180 - 200 mg%.
- Whales are warm blooded animals.
- Syrinx is the voice box in Birds.
- The largest ecosystem of the Earth is Biome.
- In a food chain, the solar energy utilized by plants is only 0.1 percent.
- Ostrich is the largest living bird on Earth.
- In coriander, the useful parts are leaves & dried fruits.
- Amla is called ‘Herbal Indian Doctor’.
- The pH of human blood is 7.4.
- Thyroid is largest endocrine gland in the body.
- Whale is the largest mammal.
- Second incisor becomes modified as the tusk of elephant.
- Edward Jenner had invented vaccination for ‘Small Pox’.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- BT seed is associated with Cotton.
- BT stands for Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterium that produces toxins harmful to a variety of insects, including bollworms that attack cotton.
- Bark of this tree is used as a condiment Cinnamon.
- Saliva helps in the digestion of Starch.
- The longest bone in the human body is Femur.
- Red data book gives information about species which are endangered.
- Humming bird is the smallest bird.
- White lung disease is prevalent among the workers of Pesticide industry.
- An artificial ecosystem is represented by aquarium.
- An example of false fruit is Apple.
- Normal fasting blood sugar level per 100 ml of blood in man is 80-100 mg.
- The vector of disease sleeping sickness is Tsetse fly.
- Echo location is used by Bats or dolphins to find prey, predators or obstacles.
- ‘COD’ is a variety of Fish.
- The two most common species of cod are the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), which lives in the colder waters and deeper sea regions throughout the North Atlantic, and the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), found in both eastern and western regions of the northern Pacific.
- Golden Revolution refers to Horticulture.
- A large number of identical plants can be obtained in a short span of time through tissue culture technique.
- The smallest flowering plant is Wolffia.
- Leukaemia or blood cancer is characterized by abnormal increase of the White blood cells.
- The total number of bones in our body is 206.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- The poison of honey bee is Acidic.
- Birds which swim in water have webbed feet.
- The tallest and thickest type of grass is Bamboo.
- The process of preventing the birds from flying is called brailing.
- Veins seen in the leaves, serve the function of Transpiration.
- The edible part of cabbage is vegetative bud.
- Conduction and respiration process are associated with plants during dark period.
- For generation of biogas, the materials commonly used are animal wastes.
- Goiter is caused by the deficiency of Iodine.
- Worldwide, over 90% cases of goiter are caused by Iodine deficiency.
- Edward Jenner invented vaccination.
- The green colour of the leaves is due to the presence of Chlorophyll.
- Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in almost all plants,algae and cyanobacteria.
- The edible part of an onion is fleshy leaves.
- AB group of blood is a universal recipient of blood.
- The normal body temperature of human being is 98.4 degree F.
- Columba livia is the scientific name of Pigeon.
- Bones are pneumatic in Birds.
- Fat produces highest amount of energy upon oxidation.
- An ecosystem consists of a living community and its environment.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- An insect-catching plants is Australian Acacia.
- The method not used as a Biological control is Use of Pesticides.
- A wisdom tooth is the [latex]{3}^{rd}[/latex] molar teeth.
- The tusk of elephant is an enormously enlarged upper incisor.
- Male (Anopheles) mosquito feeds on blood of man.
- When a person cries, there is a watery discharge from the nose due to activation of Lachrymal Gland.
- The fundamental role of root hairs in plants is to absorb water and mineral salts from the soil.
- Catch crops are crops to be cut and fed green to the cattle.
- Anticoagulants are not present in wasp.
- The pigment that protects plants from UV damages is Phycocyanin.
- Vegetation is effective in absorbing Pollutant gases.
- The red colour of ripe tomatoes is due to the presence of Carotenoids.
- The most dangerous consequence of excessive deforestation is loss of many valuable plant.
- A plant bearing both male and female flowers is called Monoecious.
- Photosynthesis needs Sunlight Water Chlorophyll.
- The most important stimulant in tea leaves is Caffeine.
- Quinine is obtained from a plant. Stem bark part of the plant yields the drug.
- Quinine is a medication to treat malaria and babesiosis.
- The calorie requirement of the body increases in winter as compared to summer because more calories are necessary to sustain body temperature.
- The human body remains uncrushed even under high atmospheric pressure mainly due to presence of fluid in the cells.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Thyroid cartilage, part of throat in men is called Adam’s apple.
- Ear criteria are not used for the classification of human races.
- Fertilization occurs normally in the Fallopian tube.
- People consuming alcohol in heavy quantities generally die of Cirrhosis.
- Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage.
- The organisms at the base of the grazing food chain are Producers.
- Vitamin A is rich in Carrot.
- The sweet taste of fruits is due to Fructose.
- Lumbering is an act of man that disturbs the ecological balance.
- Bryophyta is called the amphibian in plant kingdom.
- Bryophyte is a traditional name used to refer to all embryophytes that are non-vascular plants, namely the mosses, hornworts, and liverworts.
- Among Hookworm, Guinea worm, Tapeworm and Ringworm, odd one is Ringworm.
- Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin.
- National Institute of Nutrition is a research institute located in the State of Andhra Pradesh.
- National Institute of Nutrition is one of the oldest research centres in India, and the largest centre, under the Indian Council of Medical Research, located in the vicinity of Osmania University.
- A tree’s age can be found by counting the number of annual rings.
- The left aortic arch is observed in Mammals.
- Tendon connects Muscle to bone.
- If all the plants of the world dies, all the animals would also die due to shortage of Food.
- The growth rate of plants is measured by auxanometer.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Honey bees are used for Apiculture.
- Mammals form urea in the Kidney.
- If a bacterium cell divides in every 20 minutes, 64 bacteria will be formed in two hours.
- Simple Goitre is a disease affecting Thyroid glands.
- A goitre is a swelling of the neck or larynx resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland, associated with a thyroid gland that is not functioning properly, caused by iodine deficiency.
- The infective stage of Malaria is Sporozoite.
- The Germplasm Bank is a collection of live plant matter, in the form of seeds and spores. Its general mission is: Locate, collect and conserve plants considered to be of priority importance to our society.
- Photosynthetic vesicle found in bacteria is called a Chromatophore.
- Chromatophores are pigment-containing and lightreflecting cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods.
- Wheat, Barley, Lemon, Orange, rye, and pearl millet belong to two plant families.
- A plant known only in cultivation having arisen under domestication is referred to as Cultigens.
- A cultigens is a plant that has been deliberately altered or selected by humans; it is the result of artificial selection. These “man-made” or anthropogenic plants are, for the most part, plants of commerce that are used in horticulture, agriculture and forestry.
- Drying oils contain a fairly large proportion of Unsaturated fatty acids.
- An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fatty acid chain is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond.
- The red, orange and yellow colours of leaves are due to Carotenoids.
- Carotenoids are plant pigments responsible for bright red, yellow and orange hues in many fruits and vegetables. These pigments play an important role in plant health.
- Polar bears hold cures for Type II diabetes.
- The disease that kills more people than lung cancer as a consequence of air pollution is Emphysema.
- Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is a chronic, ongoing, progressive disease of the lower respiratory tract in the lungs.
- Green glands are associated with Excretion.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- During respiration, the gases enter into the blood and leave the same by the process of Diffusion.
- Heart is devoid of Voluntary muscle.
- Ringworm is a fungal disease.
- Chickenpox is caused by Variola virus.
- Drug which helps to reduce anxiety and brings about calmness is tranquiliser.
- A tranquilizer is a drug that induces tranq-uillity in a person and other animals.
- A keel is absent in Duck.
- Broad spectrum antibiotics are produced by Pencillium.
- Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria inside the body.
- The pigment that protect plants from harmful effect of ultraviolet rays is Phycocyanin.
- Phycocyanin is a pigment-protein complex from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, along with allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin. It is an accessory pigment to chlorophyll.
- Glycogen, starch and cellulose are polymers of Glucose.
- Plague is called as black death.
- Parthenium and Elephant grass has been found useful to check water pollution caused by industrial affluent.
- Certain desert lizards excrete their wastes in dry form. This serves as a means of adaptation of the organism to the environment.
- Kidney can be taken from a dying person who has the cessation of neurological function only.
- Opium is a plant product obtained from dried latex.
- Opium is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy. Opium latex contains appro-ximately 12 percent of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.
- Cow milk fat contains a colouring pigment called Beta-carotene (a carotenoid which is precursor of vitamin-A). Whereas buffalo milk lacks the same thus it is not yellowish like cow milk. The same carotenoid is also found in vegies like carrot.
- Pneumonia is not caused or aggravated by air pollution.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms.
- Haemoglobin is a respiratory pigment present in all chordate except in larvae of Eel fish.
- Ilium is a part of Pelvic girdle.
- The pelvic (hip) girdle transfers the weight of the upper body to the legs. It consists of a pair of coxal bones, each of which contains three fused bones: the Ilium, ischium, and pubis.
- The pores in leaves through which liquid water oozes out at times are called Stomata.
- The best way to maintain a natural equilibrium between the pest and predator is by using biological control.
- ‘Dry ice’ is the condensed form of carbon dioxide.
- The sex of a child is determined at the time of fertilisation of ovum.
- The food chain of the ecosystem is maintained by the activities of Decomposers.
- Chimpanzee is closest to the modern man.
- A gram of fertile agricultural soil may contain bacteria upto one billion and above.
- Correctly matched:
- The fibre that will yield ammonia when destructively distilled is Wool.
- During respiration, energy is derived from ATP.
- Sex hormones are Steroids.
- Typhoid fever is caused by Bacterium.
- Pituitary, Thyroid and Adrenal are endocrine glands.
- Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands.
- Grey hair is caused due to loss of melanin in epidermal cells.
| Vitamin C | Scurvy |
| Vitamin K | Clotting of blood |
| Vitamin A | Night blindness |
| Vitamin D | Rickets |
| Vitamin E | Reproduction |
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- In our body, antibodies are formed against pathogens in thymus by lymphocytes.
- Prawn heart carries oxygenated blood.
- Hydra has no blood, but respires.
- The biological decomposition of organic substances in wastes under controlled conditions known as composting.
- Immunisation is a phenomenon of formation of antibodies by using inactive Antigens.
- Ascaris is a mono genetic parasite.
- Ascaris is a genus of parasitic nematode worms known as the “small intestinal roundworms”, which is a type of helminth (parasitic worm).
- Hydrochloric acid is synthesized in human stomach.
- Filaria is transmitted by Culex mosquito.
- Filaria is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. These are spread by blood-feeding black flies and mosquitoes.
- Bat is the only mammal that can fly.
- Commonest mammal is man (Homo sapiens).
- An example of protein which acts as a hormone is Oxytocin.
- Oxytocin is a human peptide hormone and neuropeptide that is used as a medication to facilitate child birth.
- The fat of a common mussel-secretes sticky glue that can be used to make heart implants. The unique chemical compound present in the glue is Dihydroxy phenyl alanine.
- The primary producer in an ecosystem are Plants.
- Some of the ingredients required for bread making are Maida and Yeast.
- Adrenaline is called “Emergency Hormone”.
- It plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar.
- Malaria is transmitted from one person to another by Anopheles Mosquito.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Liver is a rich source of proteins.
- Cuscuta is a Parasite.
- Cuscuta is a parasitic plant. It has no chlorophyll and cannot make its own food by photosynthesis. Instead, it grows on other plants, using their nutrients for its growth and weakening the host plant.
- Nitrogen is an essential constituent of all Proteins.
- The number of eggs normally released during one menstrual cycle is 1.
- The animal that do not develop hypertension inspite of heavy intake of salt is Camel.
- Lungs are located in the pleural cavity.
- In human anatomy, the pleural cavity is the thin fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae (visceral and parietal) of each lung.
- Milk is the ideal food for newborn babies.
- Transcription means the synthesis of DNA.
- Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the cells lining the Stomach.
- The outer skin most of the crustaceans are made up of a carbohydrate. This carbohydrate is chitin.
- Blood pressure may be increased by the excessive secretion of Thyroxin.
- The Particulate Matter (PM-10) exhaled from the polluted atmosphere is often filtered out during the process of Sneezing.
- The animal who can consume more salt is Camel.
- A molecule in plants comparable to haemoglobin in animals is Chlorophyll.
- An Antigen is the stimulus for Antibody formation.
- Blood does not coagulate inside the body due to the presence of Heparin.
- Leech is an ectoparasite on cattle, which is Herbivorous.
- A mammalian heart have 4 chambers.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- The release of Gambusia fish into ponds and wells helps in controlling mosquitoes.
- Membrane lipids of chill-sensitive plants contain high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
- Respiration is regarded as a Catabolic Process.
- Respiration involves the oxidation carbohydrates, proteins and fats etc to release energy. Since bonds in these substances are broken down to release energy, respiration is considered as a catabolic process.
- The structure which helps in the nutrition of the Embryo is Yolk sac.
- Teeth and Bones acquire strength and rigidity from Calcium.
- The type of tail found in Shark is Heterocercal.
- The Sigmoid Colon is part of Large Intestine.
- AIDS virus destroys Lymphocytes.
- Nitrosomonas bacterial strain developed from natural isolates by genetic manipulations can be used for treating oil spills.
- Thiamidine dimer formation in DNA is caused by UV-rays.
- TMV virus was the first virus to be crystallized.
- Beijerinck coined the term of “virus” to indicate that the causal agent of tobacco mosaic disease was of non-bacterial nature. Tobacco mosaic virus was the first virus to be crystallized. It was achieved by Wendell Meredith Stanley in 1935 that also showed that TMV remains active even after crystallization.
- Tortoise lives usually for 100 years.
- A dead and protective animal structure is Nails and claws.
- Urobiology deals with preservation of dead animals.
- Ari antigen develops antibodies. The antibodies which protect the body from their harmful effects are Immunoglobulins.
- Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells). They act as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or viruses and aiding in their destruction.
- Peptide bond is a key feature in Proteins.
- A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O). This is a dehydration synthesis reaction (also known as a condensation reaction), and usually occurs between amino acids.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Ricinin is a deadly poison to the human being and has no known antidote so far. It is found in Castor bean.
- High blood pressure can be managed by eating fishes like Herring, Mackerels and Solomon which are rich in Omega-3.
- Haptens are Incomplete antigens.
- Wilting of plants occurs due to excessive Transpiration.
- Wilting is the loss of rigidity of non-woody parts of plants. This occurs when the turgor pressure in non-lignified plant cells falls towards zero, as a result of diminished water in the cells. The rate of loss of water from the plant is greater than the absorption of water in the plant.
- Wings of birds are modified for limbs.
- The casual organism of Polio is a virus.
- Panda belongs to the same family as that Bear.
- In dicots the pollen-grains possess three germ pores.
- Acceptable “Noise Pollution Level” in India range between 40–45 dec.
- Egg yolk contains Protein and Fat.
- DPT vaccine is administered to prevent diseases like Diphtheria, Pertussis and Typhoid.
- DPT refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus.
- The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the organism that cause pertussis.
- Hypothermia occurs due to loss of excessive heat from body due to sudden low body temperature in Human beings.
- Hypothermia is a medical emergency that occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Normal body temperature is around 98.6 F (37 C). Hypothermia occurs as your body temperature passes below 95 F (35 C).
- The disease that has been eradicated from the world is Small pox.
- Blood is a connective tissue.
- Blood is considered a connective tissue for two basic reasons: (1) embryologically, it has the same origin (mesodermal) as do the other connective tissue types and (2) blood connects the body systems together bringing the needed oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other signaling molecules, and removing the wastes.
- The hormone used as an oral contraceptive is Progesterone.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Blood group was discovered by Landsteiner.
- Genomic (DNA) studies in camel have been completed recently by the scientists of Pakistan.
- Air quality depicting PM 2.5 is more hazardous to Old Men and Women.
- Thyroid gland is situated in the neck.
- The seat of intelligence is situated in the cerebellum.
- The cerebellum receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain and then regulates motor movements. The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity.
- Normal Blood Volume in human adult is Five litres.
- The fasting blood glucose level in adults in mg/100 ml is 100.
- Entomology is the study of Insects.
- Exobiology is a science that deals with life in the outer space.
- Exobiology is considered to have a narrow scope limited to search of life external to Earth.
- The type of fruit obtained from a multicarpillary, apocarpous gynoecium is aggregate.
- The plants, which grow under water stress conditions of deserts are Xerophytes.
- A Xerophyte is a species of plant that has adapted to survive in an environment with little liquid water, such as a desert or an ice- or snow-covered region in the Alps or the Arctic.
- Stamens are fused with each other by their anthers and also with the petals in Compositae.
- Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family) is an exceedingly large and widespread family of flowering plants (Angiospermae).
- Deficiency of iron causes anaemia.
- Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when the body doesn’t have enough iron, leading to the decreased production of red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body. A lack of iron can be caused by several factors.
- Cabbage store food in the Leaves.
- Study of organisms in relation to their environment is called Ecology.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Blood cancer is commonly known as Leukaemia.
- Leukemia is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells. These white blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells.
- Endoscope is an instrument used to detect the ulcers in the stomach has a long narrow tube (with a small glowing bulb at one end) which is inserted in to the stomach through the mouth contains optical fibre.
- An endoscope is an illuminated optical, typically slender and tubular instrument used to look deep into the body and used in procedures called an endoscopy.
- When a single gene controls the expression of more than one character, it is said to be Pleiotropic.
- Crossing-over occurs during Pachytene.
- In Nerium multiple epidermis is found.
- The newly hatched tadpole breaths through its External gills.
- Virus in Latin means Poison.
- The biological process in which both aerobes and anaerobes degrade organic matter is Composting.
- Complex tissue is made up of more than one type of cells.
- The cuticle is absent in root.
- Intercalary meristems are found in Inter node.
- Major pesticidal properties are present in Pongamia.
- Animals make several feeding trips in a day.
- Green blocks is referred to Bio-bricks.
- India celebrated its “Polio free status” during the month of February 2014.
- Widal test is used for the diagnosis of Typhoid.
- Lactic acid accumulates in the muscles after continuous strenuous physical exercise as a result of temporary anaerobic respiration that causes muscular fatigue.
- Thalassemia is an example of frame shift mutation.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- The biggest single-celled organism is Amoeba.
- An amoeba is a type of cell or organism which has the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods. Amoebas do not form a single taxonomic group; instead, they are found in every major lineage of eukaryotic organisms.
- Crescograph was invented by J.C. Bose.
- A crescograph is a device for measuring growth in plants. It was invented in the early [latex]{20}^{th}[/latex] century by Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose. The Bose crescograph uses a series of clockwork gears and a smoked glass plate to record the movement of the tip of a plant (or its roots) at magnifications of up to 10,000.
- Foramen Magnum is an aperture found in the Skull.
- ‘Kelp’ is sea a weed rich in iodine content.
- Ethology the branch of Zoology that deals with the scientific study of animal behaviour.
- ‘Barr body’ is found in female somatic cells.
- A Barr body (named after discoverer Murray Barr) is the inactive X chromosome in a female somatic cell, rendered inactive in a process called lyonization, in those species in which sex is determined by the presence of the Y (including humans) or W chromosome rather than the diploidy of the X.
- Marine sources has been particularly fruitful in finding novel anti-tumour agents such as bryostanns and dolostatins.
- If waste materials contaminate the source of drinking water, Typhoid disease will spread.
- Pulmonary Vein brings clean blood from the lungs into the heart.
- Movement of hairs in Drosera is referred to as Thigmotropism.
- Thigmotropism is a movement in which a plant moves or grows in response to touch or contact stimuli. The prefix thigmo comes from the Greek for “touch”. Usually thigmotropism occurs when plants grow around a surface, such as a wall, pot, or trellis.
- Cephaleuros is an example of parasitic alga.
- The alga is parasitic on some important economic plants of the tropics and subtropics such as tea, coffee, mango and guava causing damage limited to the area of algal growth on leaves or killing new shoots, or disfiguring fruit.
- Solitary cyrnose inflorescence is observed in Gardenia.
- The excretory aperture in Paramecium is known as Cytopyge.
- IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) Technique was first devised by Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards.
- Just born baby has the respiratory rate as 32 times/minute.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
- The special modified epidermal cells surrounding stomatal pore are called Guard cells.
- Guard cells are cells surrounding each stoma. They help to regulate the rate of transpi-ration by opening and closing the stomata.
- Transpiration through leaves is called as Foliar transpiration.
- Rugae folds found in the mucous lining of the empty stomach.
- Leaves of many grasses are capable of folding and unfolding because they have specialised bulliforrn cells.
- Pleura is the covering of Lung.
- Duck – billed platypus is an egg-laying mammal.
- The type of kidneys present in frog are mesonephros.
- Medicine of Quinine is provided by Cinchona plant.
- Process through which plants reproduce is Pollination.
- A member of Liliaceae that shows reticulate venation is Smilax.
- Euphenics is treatment of defective heredity through genetic engineering.
- Araneology is Study of spiders.
- “Corpus luteum” secretes Progesterone.
- The male sex hormone is Testosterone.
- Iodine test is used to detect Carbohydrate.
- The maximum fixation of solar energy is done by green plants.
- Allantois of Embryo helps in excretion.
- Hare belongs to mollusc.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Outside the nucleus DNA is found in Mitoc-hondria.
- Animal protein is called first class protein because it is rich in essential amino acids.
- Photoperiodism affects Flowering, Vegetative growth and Fruiting.
- Match the following:
- Cyanide poisoning causes death in seconds because It causes cardiac arrest.
- Xenobiotics which are inherently resistant to microbial attack are called as Recalcitrant.
- A Fleming discovered the first antibiotic.
- Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world’s first antibiotic substance benzyl penicillin (Penicillin G) from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928.
- Molybdenum deficiency affects the activity of Chlorate reductase, Nitrogenase and Nitrate reductase.
- When one gene pair hides the effect of the other unit, the phenomenon is referred to as Epistasis.
- The substrate of Photorespiration is Glycolate.
- Match the following:
- Myxine is jawless.
- Competition for food, light and space is most severe in closely related species growing in the same area or niche.
- Afla toxins are produced by fungi.
- Aflatoxins are a family of toxins produced by certain fungi that are found on agricultural crops such as maize (corn), peanuts, cottonseed, and tree nuts.
- Sporozoite is the infective stage of the Malaria Parasite.
- An infected mosquito injects immature forms of the parasite, called sporozoites, into the person’s bloodstream. The sporozoites are carried by the blood to the liver.
| Ascorbic acid | Vitamin-C |
| Chlorophyll | Photosynthetic pigment |
| Carotenoid | Quencher |
| Superoxide | Enzyme |
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| Chlorophyll | Photosynthetic |
| Nostoc | Diazotroph |
| Transpiration | Loss of water from plant surface |
| Rust of wheat | Plant disease |
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Linseed is obtained from Flax.
- Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil, is a colourless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). The oil is obtained by pressing, sometimes followed by solvent extraction.
- Euglena possess characteristics of a plant and an animal.
- The euglena is unique because it is sort of like a plant and also like an animal. It is pear shaped. It has a whippy tail called a flagellum that allows it to move through the water.
- Match the following.
- Tachycardia is a condition characterized by heart- rate increases from the normal.
- Oxyntic cell is meant for the secretion of hydrochloric acid.
- One of the cells of the gastric glands; it lies on the basement membrane, covered by the chief cells, and secretesgastric intrinsic factor and HCl, the latter of which reaches the lumen of the gland through fine intracellular andintercellular canals (canaliculi).
- Wisdom-teeth is a vestigial organ.
- Motor skills are associated with Frontal lobe of the brain.
- Amylase enzyme is present in all members of the animal kingdom except Protozoa.
- Chloroplasts is the site of photosynthesis and also contains chlorophyll.
- Bamboo is classified as grass.
- Magnesium is contained in Chlorophyll.
- Carbon Monoxide is a pollutant because it reacts with haemoglobin.
- Phloem is responsible for transport of food and other substances in plants.
- Temporal lobe of human brain is associated with hearing.
- In mammals, an important role of excretion is played by Kidneys.
- Aedes mosquito is the carrier of Zika virus.
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| Anabaena | Blue-green algae |
| Mucor | Fungi |
| Pseudomonas | Bacteria |
| Ephedra | Gymnosperm |
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Root cap is derived from Calyptrogen.
- The blotting technology used to identify the isolated protein is western blotting.
- Morphology of Chromosomes can be best studied at Metaphase.
- Polio is caused by virus.
- In bio fortification technique plant breeders use breeding to overcome deficiencies of micronutrients and vitamins.
- DOTS is a treatment given to patients suffering from Tuberculosis.
- Polyploidy arises due to change in the number of chromosomes.
- The largest artery in human body is aorta.
- Nitrification is the biological process of converting Ammonia into nitrite.
- The growth of bacteria is measured by Spectrophotometer.
- Smooth muscles are likely to be found in stomach.
- The branch of biology which deals with extinct organisms is called Palaeontology.
- The least distance of distinct vision is 25cm.
- The substance of photorespiration is Glycolate.
- The waste management technique that involves the use of micro-organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from contaminated site is called bio remediation.
- Meibomian glands are located in eye.
- Vit. B & Vit. C are water soluble.
- Honey that has high concentration of sugar does not decay because bacteria cannot survive in an active state in a solution of high osmotic strength as water is drawn out.
- Platypus is a mammal that lay eggs.
- ‘Ebola’ stands for a viral disease outbreak in West Africa.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- The virus of AIDS affects the growth of T cells in the blood.
- Gustation refers to the sense of taste.
- Tuberculosis is commonly known as ‘white plague’.
- Cerebellum is also known as “little brain”.
- The sexual reproductive organs of aspergillus are Antheridium and Ascogonium.
- Parthenium weeds is effective in controlling water pollution caused by industrial effluents.
- Digestive organ that contains acid is stomach.
- Silk is considered as the strongest natural fibre.
- Purpose of an optical filter is to transmit or absorb light of different colours.</li
- Male mosquitoes take their food from sap of plants.
- The specific role of vitamin K is in the synthesis of prothrombin.
- Polio is caused by virus.
- In bio fortification technique plant breeders use breeding to overcome deficiencies of micronutrients and vitamins.
- Bio fortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. This can be done either through conventional selective breeding, or through genetic engineering.
- Potato is a stem.
- Haematopoiesis take place in bone marrow.
- Insulin is a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.
- Pellagra and Scurvy are caused by the deficiency of vitamin B-12 and vitamin C respectively.
- Increased RBC’s in the blood leads to a condition called polycythemia.
- The suicidal bags of the cell are lysosomes.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Haberlandt is credit with starting the work on plant tissue culture.
- Worm uses the spawn mechanism to duplicate itself.
- The main purpose of white blood corpuscles is to combat infection.
- Siderosis is a disease caused by the inhalation of iron dust.
- Cells in pancreas which produce Insulin is Islets of Langerhans.
- The hormone that stimulates heart beat is thyroxine.
- The presence of air bubble in blood stream is dangerous to life because the flow of blood is obstructed.
- The study of relation of animals and plants to their surroundings is called ecology.
- Chloroplast plays an important role in photosynthesis.
- At pupa stage in its life cycle, the silk worm yield the fibre of commercial use.
- Bee sting contains an acidic liquid.
- The xylem in plants are responsible for transport of water.
- Project ‘Sankalp’ started for the purpose to eliminate AIDS/HIV.
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease in plants.
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens (updated scientific name Rhizobium radiobacter, synonym Agrobacterium radiobacter) is the causal agent of crown gall disease (the formation of tumours) in over 140 species of eudicots. It is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative soil bacterium.
- Eustachian Tube is located in ear.
- Cerebellum part of the brain plays an important role in motor control.
- Sphygmomanometer measure the blood pressure in the arteries.
- The sigmoid colon is a part of Large Intestine.
- The connective tissue that connects a muscle to a bone is tendon.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments; both are made of collagen. Ligaments join one bone to another bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone.
- ‘Alfalfa’ is the name of a grass.
- Goitre is caused by the deficiency of Iodine.
- Goitre can sometimes occur when your thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism).
- The main protein found in milk is Casein.
- Organ gets affected in weil’s disease is kidney.
- Weil’s disease is a severe form of leptospirosis, a type of bacterial infection. Leptospira bacteria can be spread by cattle, pigs, dogs, rats, and other animals. Weil’s disease is a severe form of leptospirosis.
- Bacterial decomposition of biological material under anaerobic condition is fermentation.
- The element known as primary nutrients for plants are nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.
- Charles Darwin, the famous evolutionist, proposed his theory in the book ‘the origin of species’.
- A genetically engineered form of brinjal known as the BT- brinjal has been developed. The objective of this is to make it pest resistant.
- Blood group was discovered by Landsteiner.
- Magnetic meridian is a plane passing through the magnetic north and magnetic south of the earth.
- Decoding and interpretation of visual information in brain is associated with temporal lobe.
- Sympathetic nerves increases the rate of heart beat.
- The deficiency of Niacin-a vitamin of B complex group causes the disease pellagra.
- A pair of contrasting character controlling the same trait is called allele.
- An allele is the variant form of a given gene. Sometimes, different alleles can result in different observable phenotypic traits, such as different pigmentation. However, most genetic variations result in little or no observable variation.
- Tortoise has the maximum life span among eagle, tortoise, lion and elephant.
- Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Bio fortification is a method of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value.
- The antibiotic penicillin is obtained from fungus.
- DPT vaccine is categorized as a combined vaccine.
- ‘Mission Indradhanush’ Campaign in India is associated with vaccination of children.
- Cone cell disorder in our body is responsible for colour blindness.
- Palaeontology is the study of fossils.
- Sour taste of lemon is due to the presence of citric acid.
- Alzheimer’s Disease is a Autosomal Disorder.
- The transplantation of graft between genetically identical individuals is isograft.
- Cellulose forms the base of vegetable fibres.
- Green light is least effective in photosynthesis.
- Activated Coconut Charcoal acts as best adsorbent.
- The maximum fixation of solar energy is done by green plants.
- Cod liver oil from fish is rich in vitamin D.
- Yeast is a fungi.
- Bone, Cartilage and Blood are connective tissues.
- Substance normally found in urine is creatinine.
- The thymus gland produces a hormone called thymosin.
- Blood group AB has no antibody.
- Lichens is an association between algae and fungus.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Milk is good source of protein, carbohydrates and calcium.
- Pepper plant is a vine.
- Particulates (<1 µm size) remaining suspended in air indefinitely and transported by wind currents are called aerosols.
- The least preferred technique in the disposal of Municipal Solid Waste is Bricketting.
- Vitamin that help in the absorption of calcium is vitamin D.
- Ornithophily is effected by birds.
- Vitamin B contains nitrogen.
- If waste materials contaminate the source of drinking water, Typhoid diseases will spread.
- Pneumonia is a bacterial disease caused by the type of bacteria called Cocc.
- A universal donor has the blood group O.
- Symbiotic bacteria responsible for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen are present in peas.
- Children especially in western countries who receive very little sunshine suffer from rickets.
- In water treatment plant, use of chloramines ensures disinfection.
- Person who is colour - blind cannot distinguish between red and green.
- Nitrogen fixation is a process of conversion of organic nitrogen to protein.
- Echidna lay egg and does not produce young ones directly.
- The chemical component that is invariably found in all viruses is proteins.
- Lichens is used as an air pollution indicator.
- Enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach is pepsin.
- Fermentation is a type of Anaerobic Respiration process.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- BCG is a vaccine meant for protection against Tuberculosis.
- Mechano receptor is the sensory receptor involved in detecting blood pressure.
- Popular brand Maggi was banned across India recently due to Lead.
- Solar energy is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis.
- Spleen is not the excretory organ.
- Mechanism preventing interbreeding is called Isolation.
- Biodegradable wastes can usually be converted into useful substances with the help of bacteria.
- The largest gland in human body is liver.
- Pancreas secretes Insulin.
- Adrenalin is an emergency hormone in humans.
- Webbed neck is a characteristic of turner’s syndrome.
- Leptospirosis is a disease.
- Hepatitis affects Liver.
- Veins bring back deoxygenated blood from different parts of human body to heart.
- The warm blooded animal is Ape.
- Warm-blooded animal species can maintain a body temperature higher than their environment. In particular, homeothermic species maintain a stable body temperature by regulating metabolic processes.
- Bile is stored in the gallbladder.
- The connective tissues are Adipose Muscle, Compact Bone and Areolar Tissue.
- Connective tissue fills the spaces between organs and tissues, and provides structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs.
- Muscle fatigue occurs due to accumulation of Lactic Acid.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Protoplasm is considered as physical basis of life.
- The ‘Father of Zoology’ is Aristotle.
- The genetics branch of Biology is related with study of heredity and variations.
- The vestigial organs in human body are Thymus Gland, Wisdom Teeth and Pharynx.
- Vestigial organs are organs of the body which are smaller and simpler than those in related species. They have lost, or almost lost their original function.
- Bile is produced by liver.
- B cells secret insulin.
- Plants which grow in salty water near shore are called as halophytes.
- An example of Ball and Socket joint in humans is Hip Joint.
- The ball and socket joint is a type of synovial joint in which the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone.
- BT seed have been developed for Cotton.
- Lemon contains highest amount of Vitamin C.
- Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissues and the making of certain neurotransmitters.
- Dolly was an example of cloned sheep.
- Ape, Mouse and wolf are warm blooded animal whereas snake is a cold blooded animal.
- Cold blooded is an informal term for one or more of a group of characteristics that determine an animal & thermophysiology.
- Pituitary Gland secret growth hormone.
- Heliophytes trees are also called as sun loving trees.
- Analgesics are used to get pain relief in muscles.
- Keratin protein is found in hair.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins. It is the key structural material making up hair, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of human skin. Keratin is also the protein that protects epithelial cells from damage or stress.
- An example of dicot seed is pulses.
- Dicots have two seed leaves inside the seed coat. They are usually rounded and fat because they contain the endosperm to feed the embryo plant.
- Nucleoplasm is contained inside the nucleus of a cell.
- The communicable diseases are tuberculosis and measles.
- A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.
- The chicory powder which is mixed with coffee powder is obtained from root of the plant.
- Energy in the food can be measured in calorie.
- Cell wall organelle is present only in plant cell.
- A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, situated outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid.
- A vestigial organ in human body is wisdom teeth.
- Thrombin enzyme is essential for clotting of blood.
- An example of genetic disease is Down syndrome.
- Onion is an example of bulb, which is a modified stem.
- Melanin gives colour to human skin.
- Melanin is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms. Melanin is produced by the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization.
- Aristotle is known as ‘Father of Biology’.
- Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting in humans.
- Pancreas is a human gland that produces Insulin.
- The normal blood pressure in human beings is 120/80.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Mendel is known as ‘Father of Genetics’.
- Early blight is a common disease seen in potato.
- Urine is stored in human body in urinary bladder.
- Sweet Potato is an example of tuber-root.
- The highest source of protein is Soyabean.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum are rough because of ribosomes present on their surface.
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tubelike structures known as cisternae.
- The examples of amphibian are frog, alligator and toad.
- Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia.
- During hibernation state, frog respires through skin only.
- Turmeric is a modified stem.
- Mitochondria cell organelle is present in both plant and animal cell.
- The nature of cell membrane is semi-permeable.
- The longest bone in human body is femur bone.
- The main function of white blood cells (WBC’s) is to fight against infection.
- Arrangement of leaves in a plant is called as Phyllotaxy.
- Hippocrates is known as ‘Father of Medicine’.
- A vestigial organ in human body is tailbone.
- Mitochondria cell organelle is responsible for cellular respiration.
- ‘The Theory of Natural Selection’ was given by Darwin.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Creatures and their related class.
- Uric acid is chief nitrogenous waste of Birds.
- Lysosomes cell organelle is also called as ‘Suicidal Bag of Cell’.
- One of the key organelles involved in digestion and waste removal is the lysosome. Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes.
- Stapes bone is found in the ears in the human body.
- The stapes or stirrup is a bone in the middle ear of humans and other mammals which is involved in the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear. The stirrup-shaped small bone is on and transmits these to the oval window, medially.
- Keratin protein is found in nails.
- Bamboo is a type of grass.
- Cockroach and Prawn have open circulatory system.
- Open circulatory systems allow all fluids in an organism to mix.
- Four (4) canine teeth are there in adult human.
- Guard cells surround stomata.
- Guard cells are specialized cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that are used to control gas exchange. They are produced in pairs with a gap between them that forms a stomatal pore.
- Male gamets are called as sperms.
- A gamete is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce.
- Body undergoes changes leading to reproductive maturity at adolescence period of life.
- Cell wall organells are present only in plant cell.
- Two bones are connected to each other by connective tissue called as ligament.
- Blood group was discovered by Karl Landsteiner.
| Creature | Class |
|---|---|
| Crocodile | Reptile |
| Frog | Amphibian |
| Tiger | Animal |
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Citrus canker is a plant disease.
- Citrus canker is a disease affecting Citrus species caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis. Infection causes lesions on the leaves, stems, and fruit of citrus trees, including lime, oranges, and grapefruit.
- Chicken Pox is caused by virus.
- Besides nutrients, our body needs dietary fibres and water.
- Buccal cavity is a component of digestive system.
- The oral cavity, bound by the cheeks of the face, the palate, and the flesh of the mandible, opening onto the mouth and the fauces, and containing the teeth, tongue, gums, and other structures.
- Cellulose is an example of carbohydrate.
- Typhoid is a water borne disease.
- Amoeba digests its food in Food Vacuole.
- Female gametes are called as Ova.
- Female gametes are created during the cellular reproduction process known as meiosis. The resulting gamete cell is a haploid cell. When the two haploid cells, the egg and sperm, fuse together during fertilization, the result is a diploid cell called a zygote.
- Plastids cell organells are present only in plant cell.
- The plastid is a major double-membrane organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. Plastids were discovered by Ernst Haeckal.
- Muscles are connected to bones by connective tissue called as tendon.
- Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops from the mesoderm. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system.
- Modified stems and their related example.
- Neutrons are part of nervous system of human body.
- Citrus Canker, Rust of Wheat and Yellow vein Mosaic of bhindi are plant diseases.
- The faecal matter is removed through the anus from time to time is known as egestion.
- Disease causing micro-organisms are called pathogens.
| Modified Stem | Example |
|---|---|
| Rhizome | Banana |
| Bulb | Onion |
| Tuber | Potato |
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Pituitary gland is situated near brain.
- ‘Theory of Evolution’ was given by Darwin.
- The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin’s book “On the Origin of Species” in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.
- The connective tissues are Adipose Tissue, Compact Bone and Areolar Tissue but Cardiac Muscle is not a connective tissue.
- Wheat is an herb.
- Snakes, turtle, lizards and crocodiles fall under the category of reptilian.
- ‘Pace-maker’ is associated with heart.
- Pacemaker uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate.
- Hemoglobin is an important component of red blood cells.
- Anaemia is caused because of deficiency of iron.
- The scientific name of human being is Homo Sapiens.
- In a majority of flowering plants, out of the four megaspores, the ratio of functional and degenerate megaspores is 1:3.
- The body of all complex animals consists of only 4 basic types of tissues.
- Animal tissues are grouped into four basic types: connective, muscle, nervous and epithelial.
- The longest bone in human body is Femur.
- Opposite the micropylar end, is the chalaza, representing the basal part of the ovule.
- The ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: The integument(s) form its outer layer(s), the nucellus (or remnant of the megasporangium), and female gametophyte in its center.
- In unicellular organisms, all functions like digestion, respiration and reproduction are performed by one (1) cell.
- Auxiliary bud develops into branch of the plant.
- The auxiliary bud is an embryonic shoot located in the axil of a leaf. Each bud has the potential to form shoots, and may be specialized in producing either vegetative shoots (stems and branches) or reproductive shoots (flowers).
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Xylem helps in transportation of water.
- The five kingdom classification was proposed by R. H. Whittaker.
- R. H. Whittaker proposed an elaborate five kingdom classification – Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
- The Cholera causing germs was discovered by Filippo Pacini.
- Malaria is caused by female Anopheles mosquito.
- Stigma of the plant gives us saffron.
- Xylem transports water from the roots of the plant to its leaves.
- Phylum Annelida has segmented body.
- Phylum Annelida contains a variety of worms and their relatives. They are found everywhere from marine and freshwater habitats to damp soil.
- Synapse gap is present between two neurons.
- Small intestine has finger like outgrowths which are called as Villi (Singular Villus).
- Malaria causing germs was discovered by Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran.
- Cattle quickly swallow grass and store it in their rumen.
- Red blood cells carry oxygen to various parts of human body.
- Function performed by the kidneys in the human body is excretion.
- Bacteria were discovered by Antonie Ven Leeuwenhoek.
- The name of a group of similar cells performing a specific function is tissue.
- Plant tissues are three (3) types.
- These are the epidermis, the ground tissue and the vascular tissue.
- pH of the human blood is slightly basic.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Red rot is a disease related to sugarcane.
- Red rot is a degradation process found in vegetabletanned leather. Red rot is caused by prolonged storage or exposure to high relative humidity, environmental pollution, and high temperature.
- The connective tissues are blood, bone and cartilage.
- The virus micro-organism causes diseases like polio and chicken pox.
- The plant hormones are gibberellic, auxins and cytokinins.
- Nephron is related to excretory system of human body.
- Vitamin D is obtained from Sun rays.
- The name of the hormone produced by thymus gland is thymosin.
- Photosynthesis takes place in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight.
- Universal acceptor is AB+ blood group.
- Individuals with type O Rh D negative blood are often called universal donors.
- Cinnamon is obtained from bark.
- Insulin is a kind of hormone.
- The Pulmonary arteries carries impure blood to human heart.
- UV rays coming from Sun, majorly causes skin cancer.
- The largest mammal is Whale.
- The full form of RNA is Ribonucleic Acid.
- Melanin is responsible for giving colour to human skin.
- Melanin is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms. Melanin is produced by the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization.
- Cancer is non-communicable in nature.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is not caused by infectious agents (non-infectious or non-transmissible).
- Euglena, Paramecium and Gonyaulax have cell wall.
- Mitochondria is also called as ‘power house of the cell’.
- Pneumatophores is a type of breathing root (In mangroves and other swap plants).
- Nicotine in tobacco makes it harmful for human consumption.
- Full form of BOD is Biological Oxygen Demand.
- Biochemical Oxygen Demand or Biological Oxygen Demand is a measurement of the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) that is used by aerobic microorganisms when decomposing organic matter in water.
- Alveoli is related to respiratory system of human body.
- The study of fungus is known as Mycology.
- The Lacto-bacillus bacteria is responsible for the formation of curd.
- Twelve (12) pairs of ribs are there in human body.
- A Unicellular Organism reproduces cell division.
- The full form of DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
- Estrogen and Progesterone are female hormones and Testosterone is male hormone.
- Antacid is used to treat Indigestion.
- Minamata disease is a nervous disorder caused by eating fish, polluted with Mercury.
- Night Blindness is caused by deficiency of Vitamin A.
- The right portion of human heart receives impure blood.
- The largest gland in human body is Liver.
- Mitochondria does the pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide, water and energy.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Plant cell wall mainly composed of Lipids.
- A lipid is a substance of biological origin that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
- Edward Jenner discovered vaccine for small pox.
- Universal donor blood group is O-.
- The human brain is divided in three (3) parts.
- The human brain is divided into three parts: the brainstem, the cerebellum, and the cerebrum.
- Adrenaline is a hormone.
- Adrenaline is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons.
- Potato, tomato and brinjal are three different species but all belong to solanum genus.
- The first formed primary xylem elements are called protoxylem.
- Nereis, Pheretima (Earthworm) and Hirudinaria (blood sucking leech) are examples of Annelida Phylum.
- In humans, the sound is produced by the larynx.
- The vocal cords in men are about 20 mm long.
- In the names Mangifera indica (mango), Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Panthera leo (lion), the three names, indica, tuberosum and leo represents Specific Epithet.
- Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic and largely acquatic (both fresh water and marine) organisms.
- Animals like annelids and arthropods etc where the body can be divided into identical left and right halves in only one plane, exhibit bilateral symmetry.
- RBCs are formed in the red bone marrow in the adults.
- The later (second) formed primary system elements are called metaxylem.
- Animal belonging to Phylum Chordate is:
- There are two (2) vocal cords in the human voice box.
- i. Notochord present
ii. Pharynx perforated by gill slits.
iii. A post-anal part (tail) is present
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Other name of Platelets is Thrombocytes.
- In stems, the protoxylem lies towards the centre and the metaxylem lies towards the periphery of the organ. This type of primary xylem is called Endarch.
- Mollusca is the second largest animal phylum.
- Arthropoda is the largest phylum of Animalia which includes insects. About two-thirds of all the named species on earth are arthropods.
- Lion, Leopard and Tiger are all species of Panthera genus.
- Phloem fibres are made up of sclerenchymatous cells. These are generally absent in the primary phloem but are found in the secondary phloem.
- Coelenterates, ctenophores and echinoderms have radial body symmetry.
- In the names Mangifera indica (mango), Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Panthera leo (Lion), the terms Mangifera, Solanum and Panthera represent the higher level of taxon.
- Agar is the commercial product obtained from Gelidium and Gracilaria are used to grow microbes and in preparations of ice-creams and jellies.
- Taenia (Tapeworm), Fasciola (Liver fluke) are examples of Platyhelminthes Phylum.
- The Major Abiotic Factors are temperature, water and light.
- The male sex accessory ducts include vasa efferentia, epididymis, vas deferens and retetestis.
- The meristem which occurs between mature tissues is known as intercalary meristem.
- Platyhelminthes Phylum is also called flatworms.
- Vocal chords in women are 5mm shorter than vocal chords in men.
- Order Primata comprising monkey, gorilla and gibbon is placed in class Mammalia along with order Carnivora that includes Tiger, Cats and Dogs.
- In roots, the protoxylem lies towards the centre. Such arrangement of primary xylem is called exarch.
- The example of Mollusca Phylum is Octopus.
- In male reproductive system, the tests are situated outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called scrotum.
- The 3 main classes of Algae are Chlorophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Phaeophyceae.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Sycon (Scypha), Spongilla (Fresh water sponge) and Euspongia (Bath sponge) are examples of Porifera Phylum.
- A multicellular organism grows by cell division.
- Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organisms.
- The male sex organ in a flower is the stamen.
- In animals like Annelids, Molluscs, organs have associated to from functional systems, each system concerned with a specific physiological function. This pattern is called organ system level of organization.
- Circulatory System was discovered by William Harvey.
- The circulatory system is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment.
- A healthy adult man has, on an average, 5 - 5.5 millions of RBCs mm-3 of blood.
- The female sex organ in a flower is the pistil.
- Animals in which the cells are arranged in two embryonic layers are called diploblastic.
- Genus being a higher category is the assemblage of families which exhibit a few similar characters.
- Sexual reproduction in Algae that takes place through fusion of two dissimilar size gametes is called anisogamous.
- The animals in which the body cavity is absent are known as Acoelomates.
- Biological names are generally derived from Latin language.
- The members of rhodophyceae are commonly called red algae.
- Aurelia (Medusa) and Adamsia (Polyp) are examples of Coelenterata Phylum.
- A few organisms can tolerate and thrive in a wide range of temperatures. Such organisms are called eurythermal.
- Based on the common features like presence of notochord and dorsal hollow neural system, animal like fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds along with mammals are included in Chordata Phylum.
- The members of phaeophyceae are commonly called brown algae.
- The Phaeophyceae or brown algae are a large group of mostly marine multicellular algae, including many types of seaweed located in colder Northern Hemisphere waters.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Asterias (Star fish), Echinus (Sea urchin), Antedon (Sea Lily) are all examples of Echinodermata Phylum.
- A few organisms can tolerate and thrive in a narrow range of temperatures. Such organisms are called stenothermal.
- Plasma is a straw coloured, viscous fluid constituting nearly 55 percent of the blood.
- Sexual production in Algae that takes place through fusion of two similar size gametes is called isogamous.
- Animals in which the cells are arranged in three embryonic layers are called tripoblastic.
- The ovaries are located one (1) on each side of the lower abdomen in female.
- Through photosynthesis at least a half of the total carbon dioxide fixation on earth is carried out by Algae.
- Locust, Butterfly, Scorpion and Prawn are all examples of Arthropoda Phylum.
- Among plants, three different genera Solanum, Petunia and Datura are placed in Solanaceae family.
- The members of chlorophyceae are commonly called green algae.
- The body cavity which is lined by mesoderm is called coelom.
- The uterus is single in female.
- Members of Chlorophyceae are called green algae.
- Members of Rhodophyceae are called red algae.
- Members of Phaeophyceae are called brown algae.
- Adamsia (Sea anemone), Pennatula (Sea-pen) are examples of Coelenterata Phylum.
- In each testes in a male reproductive system, there are 250 compartments called testicular lobules.
- The predominant stage of the life cycle of a moss is the gametophyte which consists of two stages. The second stage is the leafy.
- In Animal Kingdom classification, the Phylums are Mollusca, Chordata and Annelida.
- The ovaries are the primary female sex organs that produce the female gamete (ovum) and several steroid hormones (ovarian hormones).
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Bryophytes are also called amphibians of the plant kingdom.
- Bryophytes are an informal group consisting of three divisions of non-vascular land plants, the liverworts, hornworts and mosses. They are characteristically limited in size and prefer moist habitats although they can survive in drier environments.
- Animals belonging to phylum chordata are fundamentally characterised by the presence of a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill slits.
- Adaptation is any attribute of the organism (morphological, physiological and behavioural) that enables the organism to survive and reproduce in its habitat.
- Classes comprising animals like fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds along with mammals constitute the category called Phylum.
- The predominant stage of the life cycle of a moss is the gametophyte which consists of two stages. The first stage is the protonema.
- The largest phylum of Animalia which includes insects is Arthropoda.
- Insulin was discovered by Frederick Banting.
- Vitamin C is a water soluble Vitamin.
Organism Source Frog Lungs and skin Leaves Stomata Earthworm Skin - There are four (4) chambers in human heart.
- Chloroplast, cell wall and vacuole are present in a matured stomata but plasmodesma is not present in a matured stomata.
- In case of hypermetropia, the focal length of the eye lens is too long.
- Antibiotics are useful for infections of bacteria.
- Night blindness is caused by deficiency of Vitamin A.
- Air enters the body of cockroach through spiracles.
- Veins carry the blood from all parts of body back to the heart.
- Euglena, Amoeba and Paramecium are the example of unicellular organism.
- A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of more than one cell.
- Iris controls the size of pupil in human eye.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Dengue fever is generally caused by viruses.
- Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.
- Throat cancer, skin cancer and breathing problem are caused by smog.
- Vitamin K helps in clotting of blood.
- During heavy exercise, breathing rate in an average adult person can increase upto 25 per minute.
- The colour of human blood is red because of hemoglobin.
- Oviparous animal does not give birth to young ones.
- Each sperm is single cell.
- External fertilisation takes place in frog.
- Fertilisation is necessary in sexual reproduction but not necessary in asexual reproduction.
- Excessive curvature of the eye lens is the cause of arise of myopia.
- Worms multiplies very slowly in comparison to others.
- Vitamin A is the most abundant Vitamin found in carrot.
- The rate of absorption of water through roots can be increased by keeping the plants under the fan.
- A spore producing plant is bread mould.
- XY chromosome is responsible for manliness in man.
- The human eye forms the image of an object at its retina.
- Fungi, Spirogyra and Hydra are the multicellular organism whereas paramecium is not a multicellular organism.
- Specialization in single-celled organisms exists at the subcellular level; i.e., the basic functions that are divided among the cells, tissues, and organs of the multicellular organism are collected within one cell.
- Rickets is caused by deficiency of Vitamin D.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- During exhalation, the ribs move downwards.
- On an average 5 – 5.5 million Red Blood Cells are present in a healthy human adult man per mm of blood.
- A tadpole develops into an adult frog by metamorphosis process.
- Light sensitive cell gets activated upon illumination and generates electrical signal.
- Brain and spinal cord constitutes the central nervous system in human body.
- Vitamin C is found in lemon.
- The blood clot formed is due to presence of platelets.
- Bryophyllum can be produced by its leaves.
- Sex of the baby depends on father chromosomes.
- The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of the ciliary muscle.
- Fungi do not perform photosynthesis.
- Monera are unicellular.
- Fungi have cell wall.
- Minamata and Itai–Itai diseases are caused by metal toxicity whereas Dermatitis disease is not caused by metal toxicity.
- Beri-Beri disease is caused by deficiency of Vitamin B.
- During heavy exercise, we get cramps in the legs due to the accumulation of lactic acid.
- Carbon monoxide in Hemoglobin has maximum affinity.
- Iris controls the amount of light entering the eye.
- Common-cold, AIDS and dengue fever diseases are caused by virus whereas tuberculosis is caused by bacteria.
- Vitamin D is made at a higher rate in our body.
Organism Respiration Source Diaphragm Chest cavity Fish Gills Frog Lungs and skin Cockroach Spiracles - Flower is the usual reproductive part of a plant.
- Most frogs are oviparous animals.
SSC CGL Biology - Points:
- Budding is not possible in hydra.
- Internal fertilisation takes place in hens.
- A person having hypermetropia has to keep a reading material at 25 cm for comfortable reading.
- Cough-cold, Pneumonia and tuberculosis does spread through the air whereas cholera does not spread through the air.
- A person with hypermetropia cannot see nearby objects clearly.
- Cobalt metal ion exists in Vitamin B12.
- Water is transported through xylem in plants.
- Mature ovary changes to fruit of the plants.
- DNA and protein is present in a chromosome.
- Asthma patient can still donate eyes whereas AIDS patient and acute leukemia patient cannot donate eyes.
- Normal range of breathing rate per minute in an average adult person at rest is 12 – 18.
- Iron is found in hemoglobin.
- Internal fertilization occurs inside female body.
- The eye lens forms inverted and real image on retina.
- Influenza disease is caused by virus.
- Bone gets majorly affected due to Vitamin D deficiency.
Organ of plants Purpose Transport Stomata Transpiration Xylem Transport of water Root hairs Absorption of water Phloem Transport of food - The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called fertilisation.
- Bacteria is in Monera group.
- Eyes must be removed within 6 hours after the death for eye donation.
- The agents of infection are physical contact, vectors and water.