1Q. What is the normal resting heart rate range for adults in beats/min?

A. 50 to 80 B. 120 to 150 C. 75 to 120 D. 60 to 100

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Heart rate, also known as pulse, is the number of times a person's heart beats per minute. Normal heart rate varies from person to person, but a normal range for adults is 60 to 100 beats per minute.
2Q. Anaemic condition in humans occurs due to the deficiency of …….?

A. RBC B. Platelets C. WBC D. Oxidants

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Anaemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.The three main types of anaemia are due to blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell breakdown.
3Q. Which of the following bacterium is responsible for the conversion of milk into curd?

A. Vibrio B. Lactobacillus C. Spirilla D. Spirochete

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Lactobacillus are a group of rod-shaped, gram- positive, non-spore-forming bacteria of the family Lactobacillaceae.Lactobacillus are characterized by their ability to produce lactic acid as a by-product of glucose metabolism.Various species of Lactobacillus are used commercially during the production of sour milks, cheeses, and yogurt etc.
4Q. The disease Cirrhosis affects which of the following organ in the human body?

A. Brain B. Heart C. Liver D. Kidney

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Cirrhosis is a complication of liver disease that involves loss of liver cells and irreversible scarring of the liver. Alcohol and viral hepatitis B and C are common causes of cirrhosis. It can cause weakness, loss of appetite, yellowing of the skin (jaundice), itching, and fatigue.
5Q. Which of the following is a psychiatric treatment in which the seizures are electrically induced inside the patient, to provide relief from the psychiatric illness?

A. Electrocardiogram B. Electroencephalography C. Electroconvulsive Therapy D. Electromyography

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), formerly known as electroshock therapy, is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in patients to provide relief from mental disorders. It was first of all conducted in the year 1938.
6Q. Which of the following hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

A. Oxytocin B. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) C. Prolactin D. Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Pituitary gland is a ductless gland of the endocrine system that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream. In most species the pituitary gland is divided into three lobes: the anterior lobe, the intermediate lobe, and the posterior lobe. Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone or Vasopressin (ADH) are the two hormones secreted by posterior pituitary gland.
7Q. Zeatin is produced in……… and transported to………. in the xylem where it promotes cell- division?

A. Shoots, Roots B. Shoots, Leaves C. Roots, Shoots D. Leaves, Stem

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Zeatin is produced in roots and transported to shoots in the xylem where it promotes cell division, bud development, and the greening of chloroplasts.
8Q. Which of the following cell-organelle is found in the plant cell but not in the animal cell?

A. Golgi-bodies B. Chloroplast C. Mitochondria D. Ribosomes

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Energy enters the food chain through the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts don't exist in animal cells; they are present only in plants and some protists.
9Q. Mitochondria is absent in which of the following cells in thehuman body?

A. Red blood cells B. Liver cell C. Muscle cell D. White blood cells

Answer: Option A
Explanation: The mitochondria is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000.
10Q. Which of the following is the study of the interrelationship between plants and animals?

A. Anthropology B. Anatomy C. Morphology D. Ecology

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Ecology is the branch of biology dealing with the relations and interactions between organisms and their environment, including other organisms.

1Q. The chemoautotrophs use heat energy in the absence of sunlight to convert dissolved hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxideinto?

A. Toxic compounds B. Organic compounds C. Inorganic compounds D. Both B and C

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Chemoautotrophic sulphur bacteria make use of the heat generated by the decay of radioactive elements present in the earth. They use this heat to convert dissolved hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic compounds.
2Q. Who gave the theory of natural selection to explain organic evolution?

A. Albert Einstein B. Robert Hooke C. Charles Darwin D. Herbert Spencer

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in the heritable trait’s characteristic of a population over generations. Charles Darwin popularised the term "natural selection". Thus, Charles Darwin proposed the theory of Natural Selection.
3Q. What is the name of the enzyme that digests the high protein content present in soyabeans and peas?

A. Lipases B. Lactase C. Amylases D. Proteases

Answer: Option D
Explanation: A protease (also known as a proteolytic enzyme, peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that helps digest different kinds of proteins in a process called proteolysis. Proteases are a category of enzymes; some are produced by the body, some are found in foods, and some are produced by bacteria and other microbes.
4Q. Which component of the blood serves as our second defense mechanism against infections?

A. Lymphocytes B. Platelets C. Red blood cells D. White blood cells

Answer: Option D
Explanation: White blood cells are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. They are the components that protect the body from infectious agents.
5Q. Which mineral helps in the absorption of oxygen in the blood?

A. Calcium B. Potassium C. Zinc D. Iron

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Iron is an important dietary mineral that is involved in various bodily functions, including the transport of oxygen in the blood. Iron is the mineral in red blood cells that binds to oxygen, and vitamin C increases your body's ability to absorb iron.
6Q. What is the scientific name of the Modern-Day Humans?

A. Homo erectus B. Homo sapiens sapiens C. Homo sapiens neanderthalensis D. Homo sapiens fossilis

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Modern humans are the subspecies Homo sapiens sapiens, which differentiates them from what has been argued to be their direct ancestor, Homo sapiens idaltu.
7Q. The exposure of the gaseous pollutant sulphur dioxide may cause?

A. Lungs failure and Kidney damage B. Gastrointestinal problem C. Irritation in the alveoli of the lungs D. Bronchitis and Pulmonary Emphysema

Answer: Option D
Explanation: SO[latex]_{2}[/latex] can affect both health and the environment. Short-term exposures to SO[latex]_{2}[/latex] can harm the human respiratory system and make breathing difficult leading to bronchitis and Pulmonary Emphysema. Children, the elderly, and those who suffer from asthma are particularly sensitive to effects of SO[latex]_{2}[/latex].
8Q. Which of the following cell gets depleted when there is excessive bleeding during injury in humans?

A. Lymphocytes B. Red blood corpuscles C. Eosinophils D. Platelets

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Bleeding disorders are a group of conditions that result when the blood cannot clot properly. In normal clotting, platelets, a type of blood cell, stick together and form a plug at the site of an injured blood vessel.
9Q. Which of the following is not the function of the liver, the largest gland in the human body?

A. Removes certain wastes from the body B. Protects gall-bladder C. Stores Glycogen D. Produces Bile

Answer: Option B
Explanation: The liver is an abdominal glandular organ in the digestive system. Lives help in the production of bile, which helps carry away waste and break down fats in the small intestine during digestion. Helps in the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage and removal of waste materials from the human body.
10Q. In the human body the fluids involved in the exchange of substances between cells and their immediate environment are …….?

A. Blood B. Lymph and blood C. Lymph or extracellular fluid D. Water circulating in the body

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Lymph is composed of white blood cells and watery fluid. The major function of the lymph is to maintain the fluid balance of the body. Blood is a fluid connective tissue. It is an extremely complex substance carrying a wide variety of cells and substances to all areas of the body. Both blood and lymph thus play an important role in the exchange of substances between cells and their environment.

1Q. Which of the following food intake is the predominant supplier of sodium to our body?

A. Vegetables B. Sugar C. fruits D. Pulses

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Sodium occurs naturally in many foods and is also added in the form of salt or other sodium-containing substances. Common salt or table salt is a chemical compound of sodium and chlorine and is called sodium chloride which is added to the vegetables in order cook it well and for taste resulting in higher intake of sodium.
2Q. Which of the following muscle fibers in humans is capable of contracting and relaxing all the time without fatigue?

A. Smooth muscles B. Striated muscles C. Muscles bundles D. Cardiac muscles

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Cardiac muscle resists fatigue so well because it's got more mitochondria than skeletal muscle. It also has a steady supply of blood bringing it oxygen and nutrients.
3Q. Which of the following statement is not true about genes?

A. Genes are segments of DNA B. Genes are incapable of undergoing any change C. Genes are present on chromosomes D. Genes carry information for protein synthesis

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Gene, unit of hereditary information that occupies a fixed position (locus) on a chromosome. Genes achieve their effects by directing the synthesis of proteins. It is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of the phenotypic trait.
4Q. Which of the following can be caused in humans due to the continuous exposure of high- concentration of carbon monoxide?

A. Kidney damage B. Damage of alveoli C. Coma followed by death D. Failure of the respiratory system

Answer: Option C
Explanation: CO can cause immediate health problems, and even death, in high concentrations, and some suspect it can also cause long-term health problems in low concentrations if a person experiences regular exposure such as at home, or in the workplace.
5Q. Which part of the flower becomes seed after undergoing fertilization?

A. Pollen B. Carpel C. Ovary D. Ovule

Answer: Option D
Explanation: After fertilization has occurred, the ovules of the plant of become the seeds. They are contained within the ovary, which becomes the fruit of the plant.
6Q. Pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs from which chamber of the heart?

A. Left atrium B. Right ventricle C. Left ventricle D. Right atrium

Answer: Option D
Explanation: The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart.
7Q. Which technique is used for the survival of the patient when both the kidneys fail to work?

A. Kidney transplant only B. Dialysis only C. Dialysis or Kidney Transplant D. None of these

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Dialysis is a procedure that performs many of the normal duties of the kidneys, like filtering waste products from the blood, when the kidneys no longer work adequately whereas when you get a kidney transplant, a healthy kidney is placed inside your body to do the work your own kidneys can no longer do.
8Q. Which part of the leaf makes carbon dioxide available for Photosynthesis?

A. Leaf margin B. Lower surface of the leaf C. Veins D. Stomata

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Stomata are tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange. Stomata enable carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to exit.
9Q. Which of the following gland secretes enzymes as well as hormones?

A. Thyroid B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Pituitary

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Pancreas an heterocrine gland secretes both enzymes and hormones. The acinar cells of its exocrine portion secrete pancreatic enzymes which helps in completing the process of digestion. The endocrine part consists of Islet of Langerhans, the cells of which secretes hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide.
10Q. Which among the following is known as “control room” of the cell?

A. Mitochondria B. Lysosomes C. Nucleus D. Golgi-bodies

Answer: Option C
Explanation: The cell nucleus is a membrane bound structure that contains the cell's hereditary information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction. It is known as control room of the cell as it controls all the activities of the cell.

1Q. Which of the following are the two important constituents of viruses?

A. Lipids and Carbohydrates B. Lipids and Proteins C. Carbohydrate and Nucleic acid D. Nucleic acid and Proteins

Answer: Option D
Explanation: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants. All viruses contain the following two components: a nucleic acid genome and a protein capsid that covers the genome.
2Q. Which of the following hormone is secreted by the human ovary?

A. Estrogen B. Testosterone C. Follicle stimulating hormone D. Luteinizing hormone

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. It is secreted through the female ovary.
3Q. Which one of the following is not an essential micronutrient for the growth of the plants?

A. Zinc B. Sodium C. Boron D. Manganese

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Micronutrients are nutrients that are essential for plants to its growth and balanced crop nutrition. Micronutrients play a major role in metabolic activities of the plant.There are seven essential micronutrients namely Boron (B), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Molybdenum (Mo), Chlorine (Cl). Lack of any of these nutrients affects the growth of the plant.
4Q. The disease Thalassemia in which a person is unable to make haemoglobin is a ……?

A. Genetic disorder B. Metabolic disorder C. Infectious disease D. Bacterial disease

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Thalassemia is a blood disorder passed down through families (inherited) in which the body makes an abnormal form or inadequate amount of haemoglobin. Symptoms depend on the type and can vary from none to severe.
5Q. Which of the following gas is used for the artificial ripening of the fruits?

A. Ammonia B. Ethylene C. Acetylene D. Ether

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Ripening is a process in fruits that causes them to become more palatable. In general, fruit becomes sweeter, less green, and softer as it ripens. Ethylene gas is commonly used for the artificial ripening of the fruits.
6Q. Insulin hormone which is responsible for causing Diabetes mellitus is secreted through which gland?

A. Adrenal B. Pituitary C. Pancreas D. Thyroid

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Insulin is a hormone that regulates the level of sugar in the blood and that is produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It is a chemical messenger that allows cells to absorb glucose, a sugar, from the blood.
7Q. Which of the following disorder occurs due to change in the 12[latex]^{th}[/latex] autosomal chromosomes?

A. Klinefelter Syndrome B. Down’s Syndrome C. Patau’s Syndrome D. Phenylketonuria

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disease that's inherited and increases the levels of phenylalanine in the blood. It is caused due to the change in the 12th autosomal chromosome. If left untreated, high phenylalanine levels can cause intellectual disability and other problems.
8Q. Which of the following part of the human brain is the regulating centre for swallowing and vomiting?

A. Cerebrum B. Medulla oblongata C. Cerebellum D. Pones

Answer: Option B
Explanation: The medulla oblongata (or medulla) is a long stem-like structure located in the brainstem. It is a portion of the hindbrain that controls autonomic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart and blood vessel function, swallowing, and vomiting.
9Q. Which of the following plant hormone turns the dwarf plant into long plants and helps in flowering?

A. Ethylene B. Auxins C. Gibberellins D. Cytokinins

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Gibberellins are one of the longest – known classes of plant hormone. These are plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, flower development and leaf and fruit senescence.
10Q. The process of initial invasion followed by progression from one biotic community to next is termed as?

A. Ecological succession B. Primary succession C. Secondary succession D. Natural succession

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Primary succession is the orderly and predictable series of events through which a stable ecosystem forms in a previously uninhabited region. It is the gradual growth of an ecosystem over a longer period of time.

1Q. What is the effect of the excessive transpiration in plants?

A. Fast growth of leaves B. Yellowing of leaves C. Wilting D. Large leaves

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Wilting is the condition when plant tissues contain insufficient water to hold the cells rigid. This may occur when the rate of transpiration exceeds the rate at which water is able to enter the root system from a soil containing ample water, causing temporary wilting from which the plant recovers when the transpiration rate falls.
2Q. What is the term used for the permanent stopping of menstrual cycle in women?

A. Menarche B. Dismenorrhea C. Amenorrhea D. Menopause

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Menopause is the time in a woman's life when her period stops. It usually occurs naturally, most often after age 45. Menopause happens because the woman's ovaries stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
3Q. Which of the following represents the most complex Trophic level?

A. Species B. Community C. Ecosystem D. Population

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Ecosystem, the complex of living organisms, their physical environment, and all their interrelationships in a particular unit of space.An ecosystem can be categorized into its abiotic constituents, including minerals, climate, soil, water, sunlight, and all other non-living elements, and its biotic constituents, consisting of all its living members.
4Q. The body of all the complex animals consists of how many basic types of tissues?

A. 40 B. 400 C. 4 D. 4000

Answer: Option C
Explanation: The human body contains more than 200 types of cells that can all be classified into four types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Epithelial tissues act as coverings controlling the movement of materials across the surface. Connective tissue integrates the various parts of the body and provides support and protection to organs. Muscle tissue allows the body to move. Nervous tissues propagate information.
5Q. Which of the following is the longest bone in the human body?

A. Febula B. Femur C. Stapes D. Tibia

Answer: Option B
Explanation: The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the entire human body. All of the body’s weight is supported by the femurs during many activities, such as running, jumping, walking, and standing.
6Q. Auxiliary Bud develops into which of the following part of the plant?

A. Fruit B. Leaves C. Roots D. Branch

Answer: Option D
Explanation: The axillary bud (or lateral bud) is an embryonic shoot located in the axil of a leaf. Each bud has the potential to form shoots and may be specialized in producing either vegetative shoots (stems and branches) or reproductive shoots (flowers).
7Q. Which of the following metal is responsible for causing Itai-Itai disease?

A. Cadmium B. Mercury C. Nickel D. Chromium

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Itai-itai disease is a well-known health hazard induced by cadmium (Cd) that was first reported in the Cd- polluted Jinzu River basin of Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The main target organ of Cd toxicity in itai-itai disease is the kidney, where injury is manifested by tubular and glomerular dysfunction.
8Q. Synapse gap is present between which of the following?

A. Brain and spinal cord B. Two kidneys C. Two neurons D. None of these

Answer: Option C
Explanation: A synapse is where two neurons communicate electrically or chemically. A chemical synapse is a small gap that exists between the terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another, into which neurotransmitters are released. At an electrical synapse, two neurons are physically connected to one another via gap junctions. Gap junctions make it possible for an electrical signal in one neuron to pass directly to another.
9Q. Which organ has finger like outgrowths which are called as ‘Villi’?

A. Small intestine B. Large intestine C. Gall-Bladder D. Stomach

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Villi, the singular of which is villus, are finger-like projections in the small intestine.The primary function of the villi in the small intestine is to increase the absorption of nutrients from food passing through the small intestine.
10Q. What is the term given to a group of similar cells performing a specific function?

A. Organ B. Organ system C. Cellular organization D. Tissue

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Tissue is an aggregate of similar cells and cell products forming a definite kind of structural material with a specific function, in a multicellular organism.

1Q. What is the name of the hormone that is produced by thymus gland?

A. Thyroxine B. Auxin C. Cytokinin D. Thymosin

Answer: Option D
Explanation: The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Located in the upper chest, this gland's primary function is to promote the development of cells of the immune system. Thymosin is the hormoneproduced by the thymus gland that promotes the development of T cells from stem cells.
2Q. Which among the following carries impure blood from the human heart to the lungs?

A. Pulmonary artery B. Pulmonary veins C. Aorta D. Vena cava

Answer: Option A
Explanation: A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
3Q. Cell – wall is absent in which of the following organism?

A. Euglena B. Mycoplasma C. Paramecium D. Both A and C

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Mycoplasma is a mollicute genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall around their cell membranes. They can be parasitic or saprotrophic. Mycoplasma species are the smallest bacterial cells yet discovered, can survive without oxygen, and come in various shapes.
4Q. Which component in tobacco makes it harmful for human consumption?

A. Morphine B. Nicotine C. Heroine D. Caffeine

Answer: B
Explanation: Nicotine is a chemical compound that is present in tobacco. When tobacco is smoked, nicotine is absorbed through the wall lining of the small air sacs in the lungs. Nicotine is highly addictive and harmful to health.
5Q. How many pairs of ribs are there in the human body?

A. 13 B. 15 C. 12 D. 14

Answer: Option C
Explanation: The ribs protect the vital organs of the body, and hence, are among the most important bones in the human body. There are 12 pairs of ribs in the human body i.e.24 rib bones in total.
6Q. Which of the following region has the maximum biodiversity?

A. Polar region B. Desert C. River D. Tropical region

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth. It typically measures variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level.Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth and is richest in the tropics. These tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10 percent of earth's surface and contain about 90 percent of the world's species.
7Q. Who among the following is credited with starting the work on Plant-Tissue Culture?

A. P.R White B. P. Maheshwari C. Haberlandt D. F.C Steward

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Gottlieb Haberlandt was an Austrian botanist.Haberlandt first pointed out the possibilities of the culture of isolated tissues, plant tissue culture. Hence, he was credited with starting the work on plant-tissue culture.
8Q. DOTS Treatment is given to the patient suffering from which of the following disease?

A. AIDS B. Cancer C. Hepatitis D. Tuberculosis

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS, also known as TB-DOTS) is the name given to the tuberculosis (TB) control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization. According to WHO, "The most cost-effective way to stop the spread of TB in communities with a high incidence is by curing it. The best curative method for TB is known as DOTS.
9Q. Siderosis is a disease caused by the inhalation of which of the following component?

A. Iron dust B. Silica dust C. Coal dust D. Zinc dust

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Siderosis, also known by the name of Welder's Lung is a pathological condition of the lungs caused by chronic exposure to iron oxide dust, usually at the workplace.This disease is usually found in welders and miners.
10Q. Which of the following is the by – product of sewage treatment and can be decomposed to produce biogas?

A. Scum B. Sludge C. Sewage D. Sewer

Answer: Option B
Explanation: The residue that accumulates in sewage treatment plants is called sludge. Sewage sludge is the solid, semisolid, or slurry residual material that is produced as a by-product of wastewater treatment processes and can be decomposed to produce biogas.

1Q. What is the name of the main protein that is found in milk?

A. Globulin B. Casein C. Globin D. Albumin

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Casein protein, like all protein, is a source of dietary amino acids. This protein is the major component of milk. It is the basis of cheese and is used in food products and in certain adhesives and paints.
2Q. What is the term used for the bacterial decomposition of the biological matter under anaerobic conditions?

A. Fertilization B. Contamination C. Fermentation D. Composting

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Fermentation, chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically. It is a process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes.
3Q. What was the objective of developing a genetically engineered form of Brinjal known as BT-Brinjal?

A. To improve its taste and nutritive value B. To make it drought resistant C. To increase its size and weight D. To make it pests resistant

Answer: Option D
Explanation: The genetically modified brinjal is a suite of transgenic brinjals created by inserting a crystal protein gene (Cry1Ac) from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into the genome of various brinjal cultivars. The Bt brinjal has been developed to give resistance against insects.
4Q. What is the term used for the pair of contrasting characters controlling the same trait in an organism?

A. Lineage B. Factors C. Loci D. Alleles

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Allele, also called allelomorph, any one of two or more genes that may occur alternatively at a given site (locus) on a chromosome. Alleles may occur in pairs, or there may be multiple alleles affecting the expression (phenotype) of a particular trait. If the paired alleles are the same, the organism is said to be homozygous for that trait, if they are different- the organism is heterozygous.
5Q. Which cell disorder in our body is responsible for causing Colour-Blindness?

A. WBC B. Cone cells C. Rod cells D. Neuron

Answer: Option B Colour blindness means your eye doesn't see colour the way it should.Colour blindness can happen when one or more of the colour cone cells are absent, not working, or detect a different colour than normal.
6Q. Which among the following is a dominant autosomal disorder in humans?

A. Alzheimer’s disease B. Cystic Fibrosis C. Phenylketonuria D. Albinism

Answer: Option A Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gradually worsens over time. It is a dominant autosomal disorder in humans.
7Q. Which of the following component forms the base of the vegetable fibres?

A. Proteins B. Cellulose C. Fats D. Oils

Answer: Option B Cellulose is the main content of vegetable fibre; therefore, vegetable fibre is usually referred to as plant fibre or natural cellulosic fibre.
8Q. Lichen is an association between which of the two?

A. Algae and tree B. Algae and fungus C. Algae and bacteria D. Algae and Legumes

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Lichens are a symbiosis of at least two quite different organisms. The partnership always involves a fungus, which lives with one or more partners which can do photosynthesis. The partner may be a green alga or a cyanobacterium. The algae or bacteria live inside the fungus, and exchange nutrients with it.
9Q. Which of the following is known to help in the absorption of calcium?

A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble vitamins responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium.One of vitamin D's primary functions is to promote calcium absorption and maintain adequate calcium levels in your blood. A vitamin D deficiency may cause bone loss.
10Q. Which of the following chemical component is invariably found in all viruses?

A. Proteins B. Lipids C. DNA D. RNA

Answer: Option A
Explanation: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. The viral particles consist of: (i) the genetic material made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; (ii) a protein coat, called the capsid, which surrounds and protects the genetic material; and in some cases (iii) an envelope of lipids that surrounds the protein coat.

1Q. Which of the following mosquito is the carrier of Zika Virus?

A. Culiseta B. Aedes C. Culex D. Anopheles

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Zika virus is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae. It is spread by daytime-active Aedes mosquitoes. The infection, known as Zika fever or Zika virus disease, often causes no or only mild symptoms, similar to a very mild form of dengue fever.
2Q. Morphology of the chromosomes can be best studied at which stage of the Mitosis?

A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Telophase

Answer: Option B
Explanation: The morphology of chromosome can be best studied at the metaphase.By this stage, condensation of chromosomes is completed, and they can be observed clearly under the microscope.
3Q. Which of the following is responsible for the transportation of food and other substances in plants?

A. Chloroplast B. Xylem C. Phloem D. Both xylem and phloem

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Phloem, also called bast, is a tissue in plants that conduct foods made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. It consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, parenchyma, and fibreswhich form the food- conducting tissue of a plant.
4Q. Haematopoiesis takes place in which of the following organ in human body?

A. Lungs B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Bone-Marrow

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Haematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells which reside in the medulla of the bone marrow.
5Q. Which term is used to refer to the condition caused due to the increased RBC’s in the blood?

A. Polycythemia B. Anaemia C. Leukaemia D. Haemophilia

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Polycythemia is an increased number of red blood cells in the blood. In polycythemia, the levels of haemoglobin (Hgb) or the red blood cell (RBC) count may be elevated when measured in the complete blood count (CBC), as compared to normal.
6Q. Which animal among the following has open vascular system?

A. Human B. Rats C. Cockroach D. Birds

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Open vascular/circulatory systems (evolved in crustaceans, insects, mollusks and other invertebrates) pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood.
7Q. Motor skills are associated with which part of the human brain?

A. Occipital lobe B. Temporal lobe C. Parietal lobe D. Frontal lobe

Answer: Option D
Explanation: A motor skill is a learned ability to cause a predetermined movement outcome with maximum certainty. Motor learning is the relatively permanent change in the ability to perform a skill as a result of practice or experience. It is basically associated with frontal lobe of the brain that regulates it.
8Q. Lachrymal glands are situated in which of the following part of the human body?

A. Eye orbit B. Buccal cavity C. Nose D. Palms

Answer: Option A
Explanation: The lacrimal gland is the main contributor to the aqueous layer of the tear film. It secretes proteins, electrolytes and water, which helps to nourish and protect the ocular surface.
9Q. At which stage of the life-cycle, the silkworm yields the fiber which is used for commercial purposes?

A. Imago B. Larva C. Cocoon D. Egg

Answer: C
Explanation: The silkworm life cycle goes through several stages, from egg to adult moth. Cocoon is the stage in which the larva spins silk threads around it, to protect itself from its predators. The second molting occurs inside the cocoon when the larva turns into a brown pupa. It takes about 2 - 3 weeks for the pupa to metamorphose into an adult moth.
10Q. Which of the following substances is normally found in urine?

A. Creatinine B. Blood proteins C. Red blood cells D. White blood cells

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles from the breakdown of a compound called creatine. Creatinine is removed from the body by the kidneys, which filter almost all of it from the blood and release it into the urine.

1Q. Tectona grandis linn is the scientific name of which of the following?

A. Guava B. Amla C. Teak D. Grapes

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Teak is a tropical hardwood tree species placed in the flowering plant family Lamiaceae. Its scientific name is Tectona grandis linn.
2Q. What is the total number of bones that are present in human body?

A. 309 B. 405 C. 103 D. 206

Answer: Option D
Explanation: The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decrease to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together.
3Q. What is the term used for the process of pollination by birds?

A. Embryophily B. Ornithophily C. Entomophily D. Hydrophily

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Ornithophily or bird pollination is the pollination of flowering plants by birds.Birds involved in ornithophily tend to be specialist nectarivores with brushy tongues and long bills, that are either capable of hovering flight or light enough to perch on the flower structures.
4Q. Which of the following instrument is used to measure the blood-pressure?

A. Thermometer B. ECG C. Sphygmomanometer D. Stethoscope

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Sphygmomanometer is an instrument for measuring blood pressure. It consists of an inflatable rubber cuff, which is wrapped around the upper arm and is connected to an apparatus that records pressure, usually in terms of the height of a column of mercury or on a dial.
5Q. Which of the following cell-organelle is known as suicidal bags of the cell?

A. Mitochondria B. Golgi-bodies C. Lysosomes D. Ribosomes

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Lysosomes are called the suicide bags of the cells. They contain digestive enzymes, and break down food, cellular debris and foreign invaders like bacteria.
6Q. Which is the multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi?

A. Chitin B. Cellulose C. Pectin D. Glycogen

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria.Glycogen is a readily mobilized storage form of glucose.
7Q. Which of the following drug is used for pain- relief?

A. Folic acid B. Risedronate C. Tramadol D. Bupropion

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever. It is used to treat moderate to severe pain in adults.
8Q. Who is commonly known as the ‘Father of Microbiology’?

A. Robert Hooke B. Carolus Linnaeus C. Charles Darwin D. Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered a father of microbiology as he observed and experimented with microscopic organisms in 1676, using simple microscopes of his own design.
9Q. The yellow colour of the urine is due to the presence of which of the following component?

A. Cholesterol B. Urochrome C. Bile salts D. Lymph

Answer: Option B
Explanation: Urochrome is a breakdown product of haemoglobin related to the bile pigments, found in the urine and responsible for its yellow colour.
10Q. If a person is a Universal Donor, then he will have which of the following blood group?

A. O B. B C. AB D. A

Answer: Option A
Explanation: According to ABO system of blood groups O blood group was considered as universal donor as it does not have any antigen.A universal donor is someone who can donate blood to anyone else, with a few rare exceptions.

1Q. Which of the following is an emergency hormone in human beings?

A. Adrenalin B. Thyroxine C. Insulin D. Testosterone

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Adrenaline is a hormone secreted by adrenal medulla during stress. This is called as emergency hormone because it initiates quick reaction which makes the individual to think and respond quickly to the stress.
2Q. Which of the following plant hormone is also known as flowering hormone?

A. Abscisic acid B. Auxins C. Cytokinins D. Florigens

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Florigen (or flowering hormone) is the hypothesized hormone-like molecule responsible for controlling or triggering flowering in plants. Florigen is produced in the leaves, and acts in the shoot apical meristem of buds and growing tips.
3Q. Bile is secreted by which of the following part of the human body?

A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Gall-bladder D. Small-intestine

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Bile is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is produced continuously by the liver, and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder.
4Q. Whitening of hairs and mental retardness is caused due to the deficiency of which of the following vitamin?

A. Vitamin B B. Vitamin B[latex]_{1}[/latex] C. Vitamin B[latex]_{3}[/latex] D. Vitamin B[latex]_{5}[/latex]

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Vitamin B3 is also popularly known as Niacin. It is a very important nutrient as every part of the body needs it to function properly. Whitening of hairs and mental retardness is caused due to vitamin B3 deficiency.
5Q. Which is the condition in which the concentration of glucose in the blood is high?

A. Emphysema B. Hypoglycaemia C. Hyperglycemia D. Glgcosuria

Answer: Option C
Explanation: Hyperglycemia also known as high blood sugar, is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma. Hyperglycemia is the most common cause of diabetes (both type 1 and 2).
6Q. Which of the following drug is used as an anti- diabetic drug?

A. Metformin B. Zolpidem C. Promethazine D. Hydralazine

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Metformin is an oral diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels. Metformin is used together with diet and exercise to improve blood sugar control in body.
7Q. The biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occurs in which of the following cell-organelle?

A. Lysosomes B. Mitochondria C. Endoplasmic reticulum D. Ribosomes

Answer: Option A
Explanation: Mitochondria are small, rod-shaped, membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells. They are the power plants of the cell. Mitochondria play a critical role in the generation of metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells.
8Q. Which of the following statement is not true about Pteridophyta?

A. Main plant body is diploid B. Dominant phase is saprophytes C. Seeds are present D. Flowers are absent

Answer: Option C
Explanation: A pteridophyte is a vascular plant that disperses spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are also referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden.
9Q. Which of the following is the green house gas which can deplete the ozone layer?

A. Ar B. HN3 C. C4H6 D. CO[latex]_{2}[/latex]

Answer: Option D
Explanation: Carbon dioxide prevents the formation of new ozone molecules in the troposphere, and higher CO2 levels in the upper atmosphere may be contributing overall to the closing of the ozone holes over the poles.
10Q. Which is the most common treatment for bacterial infections in humans?

A. Antigen B. Antibodies C. Antibiotics D. Aspirin

Answer: Option C
Explanation: An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria and is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections. Antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.