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Important Scientific Instruments Guide

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Important Scientific Instruments Guide

shape Introduction

Scientific Instruments are tools or devices primarily used for observations and measurements. The Scientific Instruments are used for various scientific experiments and scientific evaluations. These precision instruments are highly accurate in giving precise reading, which is significantly critical in case of scientific experiments. Important Scientific Instruments are also used to study the natural phenomena and theoretical research. Examples: Barometer, Thermometer, Microscope.

shape Instruments


Important Scientific Instruments - Names and Purpose:
Scientific Instruments Use of Scientific Instrument
Accumulator Storage of Arithmetic and Logic Data in a computer's CPU (central processing unit)
Altimeter Measures altitudes (Used in aircraft)
Ammeter Measures strength of electric current (in amperes)
Anemometer Measures force and velocity of wind and directions
Audiometer Measures intensity of sound
Barograph Continuous recording of atmospheric pressure
Barometer Measures atmospheric pressure
Binoculars To view distant objects
Bolometer To measure heat radiation
Callipers Measure inner and outer diameters of bodies
Calorimeter Measures quantities of heat
Cardiogram(ECG) Traces movements of the heart ; recorded on a Cardiograph
Cathetometer Determines heights, measurement of levels, etc, in scientific experiments
Chronometer Determines longitude of a vessel at sea
Colorimeter Compares intensity of colours
Commutator To change / reverse the direction of electric current; Also used to convert AC into DC
Cryometer A Type of thermometer used to measure very low temperatures, usually close to 0`C
Cyclotron A Charged particle accelerator which can accelerate charged particles to high energies
Dilatometer Measures changed in volume of substances
Dyanamo To Covert mechanical energy into electrical energy
Dynamometer Measure electrical power
Electronecephalo Records and interprets the electrical waves of the
Graph(EEC) Brain (brain waves ) recorded on electroence phalograms
Electrometer Measures very small but potential difference in electric currents
Electroscope Detects presence of an electric Charge
Eletromicroscope To obtain a magnifying view of very small objects capable of magnifying up to 20,000 times
Endoscope To examine internal parts of the body
Fathometer Measures depth of the flux
Fluxmeter Measures magnetic flux
Galvanometer Measures electric current
Hydrometer Measures the relative density of liquids
Hygrometer Measure level of humidity
Hydrophone Measure sound under water
Hygroscope Shows the changes in atmospheric humidity
Hypsometer To determine boiling point of liquids
Hymograph Graphically records physiological movement. (e.g.,blood pressure/heartbeat)
Lactometer Measures the relative density of milk to determine purity
Machmeter Determines the speed of an aircraft in terms if the speed of sound
Manometer Compares magnetic movement and fields
Manometer Measures the pressure of gases
Micrometer Coverts sound waves into electrical vibrations
Microphone Measure distances /angles
Microscope To obtain a magnified view of small objects
Nephetometer Measures the scattering of light by particles suspended in a liquid
Ohmmeter To measures electrical resistance in objects
Ondometer Measures the frequency if electromagnetic waves, especially in the radio-frequency band
Periscope To view objects above sea level (Used in submarines)
Photometer Compares the luminous intensity of the source of light
Polygraph Instrument that simultaneously records changed in physiological processes such as heartbeat, blood pressure the respiration used a lie detector
Pyknometer Determines the density and coefficient of expansion of liquids
Pyrometer Measures very high temperature
Quadrant Measures altitudes and angles in navigation and astronomy
Radar To detect the direction and ranges of an approaching aeroplane by means of radiowaves, ( Radio, Angle ,Detection and Range )
Radio Micrometer Measures heat radiation
Refractometer Measures salinity of solutions
Sextant Used by navigators to find the latitude of place by measuring the elevation above the horizon of the sun or another star; also used to measure the height of very distant objects
Spectrometer Spectroscope equipped with calibrated scale to measure the position of spectral lines (Measure of Refractive indices)
Spherometer Measures curvature of spherical objects
Tachometer To determine speed, especially the rotational speed of a shaft (Used in aeroplanes and motor-boats)
Tangent galvanometer Measure the strength of direct current
Telemeter Records physical happenings at a distant place
Telwprinter Receives and sends typed messages from one place to another
Telescope To view distant objects in space
Thermometer Measure Temperature
Thermostat Regulates temperature at a particular point
Tonometer To measure the pitch of a sound
Transponder To receive a signal and transmit a reply immediately
Udometer Rain gauge
Ultrasonoscope To measure and use ultrasonic sound (beyond hearing use to make a Ecogram to detect brain tumours, heart defects and abnormal growth
Venturimeter To measure the rate of flow of liquids
Vernier Measures Small sub-division of scale
Viscometer Measures the viscosity of liquid
Voltmeter To measure electric potential difference between two points
Wattmeter To measure the power of an electric circuit
Wavemeter To measure the wavelength of a radiowave

shape Quiz

Q1. Which of the following pair is INCORRECT?
    I. Parsec - Distance II. Barrel - Liquid III. Light year - Time A. Only III B. Only I and III C. Only II D. All are correct Answer: A

Q2. On which principle does the hydraulic lift work?
    A. Newton's law B. Pascal's law C. Archimedes's law D. Joule's law Answer: B

Q3. Which of the following method is used to measure the large distances?
    A. Parallax method B. Sandbox method C. Transit-time method D. Interferometer methods Answer: A

Q4. Which instrument is used to measure the direction and velocity of clouds?
    A. Nephoscope B. Orchidometer C. Oscilloscope D. Manometer Answer: A

Q5. Which instrument is used to measure the distance travelled by a vehicle?
    A. Tachometer B. Chronometer C. Odometer D. Pyrometer Answer: C

Q6. Anemometer is an instrument meant for measuring
    A. Velocity B. Air masses C. Wind speed D. Temperature Answer: C

Q7. Seismometer instrument is used for measuring which of the following?
    A. Motion of the ground B. Seismic waves by volcanic eruptions C. Specific gravity of liquids D. A & B Answer: D

Q8. Which instrument is used for photographing the Sun?
    A. Galvanometer B. Potentiometer C. Spectrophotometer D. Spectroheliograph Answer: D

Q9. The instrument used for measuring air pressure is called …..
    A. Anemometer B. Barometer C. Hygrometer D. Thermometer Answer: B

Q10. Which instrument is used for measuring humidity of atmosphere?
    A. Barometer B. Anemometer C. Thermometer D. Hygrometer Answer: D