Direction Improve the bracketed part of the sentence.
1. The criminal as well as his accomplice (was) arrested.
A. were B. are being C. have been D. No improvement
Answer - Option D
Explanation:
The verb "was" is correct here and no improvement is required. If nouns or pronouns are joined by "with, together with, along with, as well as, in addition to, besides, like, unlike, rather than, and not" the verb is taken according to the first noun or pronoun. See the below example:
He together with his friends is coming today.
You as well as your sister were in the wrong.
Direction Improve the bracketed part of the sentence.
2. His brother (never has) and never will be dependable
A. never had B. never has been C. was never being D. No improvement
Answer - Option
Explanation:
The given sentence uses two form of auxiliary verb. One is "has" and the other is "will". We know that these auxiliary verb are followed by different forms of main verbs. "Will" is a future verb and it is followed by simple form of main verb. "Has" is a present perfect verb and it is followed by third form of main verb. The main verb in the sentence is "be". Thus, "has" will be followed by third form of "be" which is "been". Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Direction In the following question, out of the four alternatives, select the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the Idiom/Phrase.
3. Call on
A To telephone someone B Seek help C Pay a visit D Order
Answer - Option C
Explanation: The phrasal verb "call on" means pay a visit to (someone). Thus, option C is the correct answer.
Direction (4-5) Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
Acne is a skin disease involving the oil glands at base of hair follicles. It occurs when these hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells. When these follicles get blocked, bacteria overgrow and cause skin lesions. Vitamin D is one of the most effective methods of fighting acne. There are a number of methods by which vitamin D, or rather its analogue, vitamin D3, can help prevent and improve acne symptoms.
Chronic inflammation is the root cause of acne. It’s when your immunity system is on overdrive and start to produce far too many inflammatory chemicals in your body system. This barrage of chemicals bombards your acne bacteria with a response that is unnecessarily vicious. As a result, the pores redden, swell and become acne. In acne patients, chronic inflammation is caused either by ingestion of too many inflammatory substances or by poor nutrition that makes the immune system go haywire. Vitamin D works brilliantly in the second case. Vitamin D3 regulates the release and action of immune cells elated to inflammatory response of the immune system. It is comparable to the actions of the immunosuppressant drugs. This anti-inflammatory effect is so potent that vitamin D analogues are suggested as a candidates drugs for treating surface and systemic inflammatory disease such as dermatitis and lupus.
In a study done among adults, aged 25 to 42, the scientists examined bloodstream levels for vitamin D, anti-inflammatory substances and pro-inflammatory substances. The anti-inflammatory substances didn’t vary between the groups. However, the vitamin D deficient group had markedly higher levels of pro-inflammatory substances. Therefore, vitamin D provides anti-inflammatory benefits in acne treatment. Another study shows that vitamin D can also increase the response to influenza and other viruses. Rather than tuning the immunity system down, vitamin D regulates and brings its activity to its optimum levels.
Vitamin D is a direct regulator of the immune system’s response to attack from infectious agents including bacteria, viruses and parasites. Vitamin D helps in the manufacture of antioxidants like glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Glutathione is the most abundant indigenous antioxidant. The antioxidant effect of vitamin D includes ability to protect the skin cells against oxidative stress. Vitamin D was found effective in protecting epidermal cell from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and chemotherapy procedures. It is believed that the anti-inflammatory effect of this vitamin maybe also involved in this protective effect.
Insulin is the worst hormone for acne. Not only does it stimulate the sebaceous glands to secrete more oil, it can enhance the power of DHT and testosterone levels. Testosterone in turn enlarges the sebaceous glands which become ideal grounds for excessive bacterial growth. Elevated insulin occurs when your body’s energy source becomes insulin resistant i.e. when more insulin is to be produced by the pancreas to make them respond. It is thus vital for all acne patients to improve the sensitivity of these stores to insulin. Vitamin D does that as well.
4. How does vitamin D can also increase the response to influenza and other viruses?
A. It helps in the manufacturing of antioxidants B. It controls insulin levels C. It protects the epidermal cell from UV rays D. It optimises the immunity system’s response to pathogens
Answer - Option D
Explanation: All the given options are correct regarding vitamin D. But, only option C depicts the effect of Vitamin D on the immunity system, which is exactly what is asked by question. It can be verified from paragraph 3, where it is mentioned that “Rather than tuning the immunity system down, vitamin D regulates and brings its activity to its optimum levels.”
Hence, the correct answer is D
5. Find one word from paragraph 1 which means “any localized abnormal structural change in a bodily part”
A. Lesions B. Follicles C. Analogue D. Clogged
Answer - Option A
Explanation:
Lesions mean a change in the structure of a bodily organ or part due to injury or disease.
Follicles mean any small spherical group of cells containing a cavity.
Analogue mean something having the property of being analogous to something else.
Clogged is the simple past form the verb clog, which means that any object that acts as a hindrance or obstruction.
Hence, the correct option is A
Direction In the following question, a set of labelled sentences is given. Out of the four alternatives, select the most logical order of the sentences to form a coherent paragraph. 6. They had seen enough of the X-them to come a step farther Y-desert already, and no number Z-of knives would have tempted
A. YXY B. YZX C. XZY D. XYZ
Answer - Option B
Explanation:
The first part of the sentence talks of seeing enough of something. Therefore the article 'the' in first part of the sentence should be followed by a noun. So, it should be followed by Y. Y should be followed by Z which describes the number of what thing is being talked about. Z should be followed by X which says what thing they could be tempted for. Therefore, the correct sequence is YZX.
Direction In the following question, a set of labelled sentences is given. Out of the four alternatives, select the most logical order of the sentences to form a coherent paragraph. 7. Such are the strata which we X-species as those now living in the Mediterranean Y-meet within the south of Sicily, filled Z-with shells for the most part of the same
A. YXY B. YZX C. XZY D. XYZ
Answer - Option B
Explanation:
The first part of the sentence should be followed by Y which says about the location of the strata. Y should be followed by Z which says with what thing those strata are filled. Y should be followed by X. Thus, the correct sequence is YZX.