Description
"Printf C" chapter gives clear description about how to take input and give output and various format specifiers used.
Any language will be finally used to input/output the data from/to the user which shows its success rate. C-language also has input and output functions for taking the data and returning the data from a program. This action requires keyboard for inputting and monitor screen for outputting. As soon as the program starts, compiler gives access to the those devices by using:
1)
stdin: standard input(keyboard -input).
2)stdout: standard output (screen- output).
3)stderr: standard error (screen-errors). Description
Input in C-language can be given using "scanf()" function. scanf() function requires access over the address of the value entered.
& is used for locating the address of the given input. It takes the input form stdin. To read any character, scanf() takes the help of format specifiers.
Example
In the below example, compiler asks to enter a number and scans it.
[c]
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a;
printf("Enter a number ");
scanf("%d",a);
}[/c]
Output:
[c]Enter a number 5[/c]
Description
Output in C-language can be given by using "printf()" function. printf() returns the characters taken by it. printf() C function supports two type of characters. The characters need to be placed within the quotes( " " ).
(i)ordinary characters which does not involve any symbols and can be printed directly without any conversions.
(ii)characters with format specifiers informs how to display on the screen i.e. formatted output.
Example
[c]
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("Welcome to splessons");
return 0;
}
[/c]
Output:
[c]Welcome to splessons[/c]
Table
| Format Specifier | Description | Supported data types |
|---|---|---|
| %d | Signed integerint | short,unsigned short,int,long |
| %hi | Signed integer(short) | short |
| %hu | Unsigned integer(short) | unsigned short |
| %i | Signed integer(short) | short,unsigned short,int,long |
| %l or %ld or %li | Signed integer | long |
| %lu | Unsigned integer | unsigned int, unsigned long |
| %u | Unsigned integer(short) | unsigned int, unsigned long |
| %lli,%lld | Signed integer(short) | long long |
| %llu | Unsigned integer(short) | unsigned long long |
| %o | Octal representation of integer(short) | short,unsigned short,int,unsigned int,long |
| %x oor %X | Hexadecimal representation of Unsigned integer(short) | short,unsigned short,int,unsigned int,long |
| %c | Character | char,unsigned char |
| %p | Address of pointer to void void* | void* |
| %s | String | char* |
| %e or %E | Scientific notatiom of float values | float,double |
| %f | Floating point | float |
| %g or %G | Similar as %e or %E | float,double |
| %lf | Floating point | double |
| %Lf | Floating point | long double |
| %n | Prints nothing | |
| %% | Prints % character |
Key Points
"Printf C" chapter draws out following main points.
- printf() C function is used to print the output.
- scanf() function reads the input given.
- Format specifiers helps in finding the inputted data type.
Programming
Tips
Any C-program should contain a header file #include where stdio.h (standard input-output) represents data and #include will involve this data in the program.