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Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

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Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

shape Introduction

What is the study of Fluid Mechanics? Fluid Mechanics and Machinery features the study of behavior of fluids either at rest or in motion. Fluid Mechanics is divided into Fluid Statics, the study of fluids at rest and Fluid dynamics, study of effect of forces on fluid motion. Fluid Mechanics and Machinery also provides an overview of the design and operation of various hydraulic machines such as pumps and turbines.
Fluid Mechanics, is a branch of Physics and is primarily focused on the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasma) and the forces on them. Fluid Mechanics has applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, civil, chemical and biomedical engineering, geophysics, astrophysics, and biology.

shape Quiz

Q1. The velocity components in the x and y direction of a two-dimensional potential flow are [latex]\frac{\omega u}{\omega x} [/latex] u and v respectively, then
    A. [latex]\frac{\omega v}{\omega x} [/latex] B. [latex]\frac{\omega u}{\omega y} [/latex] C. [latex]\frac{\omega v}{\omega y} [/latex] D. [latex]\frac{\omega v}{\omega w} [/latex] Answer: D

Q2. In a two-dimensional velocity field with velocities u and v along the x and y directions respectively, the convective acceleration along the x-direction is given by
    A. u[latex]\frac{\omega u}{\omega x} +v \frac{\omega u}{\omega y} [/latex] B. v[latex]\frac{\omega u}{\omega y} +v \frac{\omega u}{\omega x} [/latex] C. u[latex]\frac{\omega u}{\omega y} +v \frac{\omega u}{\omega x} [/latex] D. v[latex]\frac{\omega u}{\omega x} +u \frac{\omega u}{\omega y} [/latex] Answer:A

Q3. For the continuity equation given v0Ñ=rg to be valid, whenvr is the velocity vector, which one of the following is anecessary condition?
    A. Steady flow B. Irrotational flow C. Invescid flow D. Incompressible flow Answer: D

Q4. A streamline and an equipotential line in a flow field
    A. are parallel to each other B. are perpendicular to each other C. intersect at an acute angle D. are identical Answer: B

Q5. Biot number signifies the ratio of
    A. convective resistance in the fluid to conductive resistance in the solid B. conductive resistance in the solid convective resistance in the fluid C. inertia force to viscous force in the fluid D. buoyancy for ce to viscous force in the fluid Answer: B

Q6. A flow field which has only convective acceleration is
    A. a steady uniform flow B. an unsteady uniform flow C. a steady non-uniform flow D. an unsteady non-uniform flow Answer: C

Q7. Length of mercury column at a place at an altitude will vary with respect to that at ground in a
    A. linear relation B. hyperbolic relation C. parabolic relation D. manner first slowly and then steeply Answer: D

Q8. A type of flow in which the fluid particles while moving in the direction of flow rotate about their mass centre, is called
    A. steady flow B. uniform flow C. laminar flow D. rotational flow Answer: D

Q9. Buoyant force is
    A. resultant of upthrust and gravity forces acting on the body B. resultant force on the body due to the fluid surrounding it C. resultant of static weight of body and dynamic thrust of fluid D. equal to the volume of liquid displaced by the body Answer: D

Q10. The capillary rise in a narrow two-dimensional slit of width ‘w’ is
    A. half of that in a capillary tube of diameter ‘w’ B. two-third of that in a capillary tube of diameter ‘w’ C. one-third of that in a capillary tube of diameter ‘w’ D. one-fourth of that in a capillary tube of diameter ‘w’ Answer: A
Q11. Which of the following flow measurement device is independent of density?
    A. Electro – magnetic flow meter B. Orifice plate C. Turbine meter D. Venturi – meter Answer: A

Q12. The cause of turbulence in fluid flow may be
    A. high Reynold number B. abrupt discontinuity in velocity distribution C. critical Reynold number D. existence of velocity gradient without abruptndiscontinuity Answer: D

Q13. For an irrotational flow the equation [latex]\frac{{ω}^{2}}{{ωx}^{2}}[/latex] + [latex]\frac{{ω}^{2}}{{ωy}^{2}}[/latex] is known as
    A. Bernoulli’s equation B. Cauchy Riemann’s equation C. Euler’s equation D. Laplace equation. Answer: D

Q14. A control volume refers to
    A. a closed system B. a specified mass C. an isolated system D. a fixed region in space Answer: D

Q15. Pseudo plastic is a liquid for which
    A. dynamic viscosity decreases as the rate of shear increases B. Newton's law of viscosity holds good C. dynamic viscosity increases as the rate of shear increases D. dynamic viscosity increases with the time for which shearing forces are applied. Answer: A

Q16. An ideal fluid is defined as the fluid which
    A. is compressible B. is in compressible C. is in compressible and non-viscous D. has negligible surface tension Answer: C

Q17. Which of the following is the unit of kinematic viscosity?
    A. [latex]\frac{N- s}{{m}^{2}}[/latex] B. [latex]{m}^{2}[/latex]s C. kg/s[latex]{m}^{2}[/latex] D. [latex]{m}^{2}[/latex]/kg-s Answer: B

Q18. Poi se is the unit of
    A. dynamic viscosity B. kinematic viscosity C. mass density D. velocity gradient Answer: A

Q19. Surface tension is a phenomenon because of
    A. viscous forces only B. Adhesion between liquid and solid molecules C. Difference in magnitude between the forces due to adhesin and cohesion D. cohesion only Answer: D

Q20. In case of a static fluid
    A. only normal stresses can exist B. linear deformation is small C. fluid pressure is zero D. resistance to shear stress is small Answer: A
Q21. Gauge pressure is equal to
    A. absolute pressure + atmospheric pressure B. absolute pressure – atmospheric pressure C. atmospheric pressure – absolute pressure D. atmospheric pressure – vaccum Answer: B

Q22. Compressibility (b) is equal to :(If k is bulk modulus)(a)
    A. 1/k B. 1/[latex]{k}^{2}[/latex] C. k D. [latex]{k}^{2}[/latex] ́Answer: A

Q23. Kinematic viscosity is equal to
    A. Dynamic viscosity × density B. Dynamic vis cosity Density C. Density Dynamic vis cosity D. 1Dynamic vis cos ity Density ́Answer: B

Q24. Void ratio does not depend upon
    A. Liquid limit B. Volume C. Bulk volume D. Porosity Answer: A

Q25. The difference of pressure between inside and outside of a liquid drop is
    A. [latex]\beta p = T \times r[/latex] B. [latex]\beta p = T \times 2r[/latex] C. [latex]\beta 2p = T \times r[/latex] D. [latex]\beta p = 2T \times r[/latex] Answer: D

Q26. Falling drops of water become spherical in shape due to the property of
    A. adhesion B. cohesion C. surface tension D. viscosity Answer: C

Q27. Capilary action is due to :
    A. viscosity of liquid B. cohesion of liquid particles C. surface tension D. None of these Answer: C

Q28. Hydrostatic low states that the rate of increase of pressure in vertical direction is equal to
    A. fluid density B. fluid specific weight C. fluid weight D. fluid specific gravity Answer: B

Q29. A piezometer tube is used for the purpose of measurement of
    A. Low pressure B. High pressure C. Moderate pressure D. Vacuum pressure Answer: C

Q30. The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is known as
    A. volumetric strain B. volumetric index C. compressibility D. stress Answer: C
Q31. The desirable properties for any practical fluids are
    A. should be viscous B. should posses surface tension C. should be compressible D. All of the above Answer: D

Q32. Resultant force on a floating body will act
    A. vertically upwards through meta centre B. vertically down wards through metal centre C. vertically upwards through centre of buoyancy D. vertically downwards through centre of buoyancy Answer: C

Q33. The centre of pr essure of a plane submer ged surface
    A. should coincide with centroid of surface B. should coincide with centroid of pressure prism C. may be above or below centroid D. cannot be above mentioned Answer: D

Q34. In a turbulent flow through a pipe, the shear stress is
    A. Maximum at centre and decreased linearly towardsthe wall B. Maximum at centre and decreased logarithimicallytowards the wall C. Maximum midway between the centre – line and thewall D. Maximum at the wall and decreases linearly to zero atthe centre Answer: B

Q35. The shear stress in a turbulent pipe flow
    A. varies parabolically with radius B. is constant over the pipe radius C. is zero at centre and increases linearly to the wall D. None of these Answer: C

Q36. The concept of stream function which is based on the principle of continuity is applicable to
    A. Three – dimensional flow B. Two – dimensional flow C. One – dimensional flow D. None of these Answer: B

Q37. The most essential feature of the turbulent flow is
    A. Large discharge B. Small discharge C. High velocity D. Velocity and pressure at a point shows irregular fluctuations at high frequency Answer: C

Q38. Ratio of inertia force to surface tension is termed as
    A. Mach number B. Froude number C. Reynold's Number D. Weber's number Answer: A

Q39. It 2Pvzg2g++r= constant is a Bernoulli's equation, with their usual meanings then the term 2v/2g represents :
    A. kinetic energy B. Pressure energy C. kinetic energy/unit weight D. None of these Answer: B

Q40. A pivot tube is used for measuring
    A. pressure of flow B. velocity of flow C. flow rate D. total energy Answer: C
Q41. Venturimeter is used to measure flow of fluids in pipes when pipe is
    A. horizontal B. vertical, flow downwards C. vertical, flow upwards D. In any position Answer: D

Q42. Which of the following device is used to measure flow on the application of Bernoulli's theorem
    A. venturimeter B. orifice plate C. Pivot tude D. All of these Answer: D

Q43. Flow through a super son nozzle is an example of
    A. Isolated system B. open system C. closed system D. insulated system Answer: B

Q44. In the Navier, stoke equation, the forces considered are
    A. Gravity, pressure and viscous B. Pressure, viscous and turbulence C. Gravity, pressure, and turbulence D. Pressure, gravity, turbulence and viscous Answer: A

Q45. Energy loss in flow through nozzle as compared to venturi meter is
    A. Same B. More C. Less D. Unpredictable Answer: A

Q46. Which of the following parameter is measured using orifices?
    A. Velocity B. Pressure C. Flow rate D. Both pressure and velocity Answer: C

Q47. The surge tanks are used in a pipeline to
    A. reduce frictional loss in pipe B. ensure uniform flow in pipe C. relieve the pressure due to water hammer D. reduce cavitation Answer: C

Q48. An impulse turbin e is used for
    A. Low head of water B. High head of water C. Medium head of water D. High discharge Answer: B

Q49. The function of hydraulic turbine is to convert water energy into
    A. Heat energy B. Electrical energy C. Atomic energy D. Mechanical energy Answer: C

Q50. The degree of reaction of a kaplan turbine is
    A. equal to 1 B. equal to 180 C. Greater than zero but less than 1 /2 D. Greater than 1/2 but less than 1 Answer: C
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