Important Days
1. World Hindi Day is celebrated on which date?

A. January 08 B. January 09 C. January 10 D. January 11

Answer: Option (C)
Explanation: World Hindi Day is celebrated on January 10 every year, marking the anniversary of first World Hindi Conference which was held in 1975. The first World Hindi Conference was inaugurated by the then prime minister Indira Gandhi. World Hindi Day was first observed on January 10, 2006. World Hindi Day and National Hindi Diwas are completely different. National Hindi Diwas is celebrated every year on September 14. On that day in 1949, the constituent assembly adopted Hindi, written in Devanagari script, as the official language of the Union. While the focus of the World Hindi Day is to promote the language at the global stage.
2. On which date, 2019 Non-Resident Indian Day is observed?

A. January 6 B. January 7 C. January 8 D. January 9

Answer: Option (D)
Explanation: The Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD), also known as Non-Resident Indian Day, is observed every year on 9th of January to mark the contribution of the overseas Indian community towards the development of India. The day commemorates the return of Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa to Mumbai on 9 January 1915.
3. When was the World Day for War Orphans observed?

A. January 7 B. January 6 C. January 5 D. January 4

Answer: Option (B)
Explanation: The World Day of War Orphans was initiated by the French organization, SOS Enfants en Dresses. Held on 6th January each year, this special day enables the International Community to recognize the plight of a particularly vulnerable group. The usual definition of an orphan is a child who has no surviving parent to care for him or her, having lost both parents, either as a result of bereavement or by being abandoned.
4. On which date, World Braille Day is observed?

A. 2nd January B. 3rd January C. 4th January D. 5th January

Answer: Option (C)
Explanation: The United Nations observed the first official World Braille Day on 4 January. The aim of the day is to raise awareness of the importance of Braille. It also aims to raise awareness about the human rights of visually-impaired and partially-sighted people, The day was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in November 2018.
5. DRDO day is observed on __________.

A. 2nd January B. 1st January C. 31st December D. 30th December

Answer: Option (B)
Explanation: Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) day is observed on 1st January. The DRDO was established in 1958 with just 10 laboratories to enhance the research work in the defense sector. Dr. G Satheesh Reddy is the Chairman of DRDO. DRDO works under the Department of Defence Research and Development of Ministry of Defence.
Inventions & Discoveries
1. Thermo Flask was invented by

A. Dewar B. Daimler C. Urey D. John Napier

Answer: Option (A)
2. The typewriter was invented by

A. Shockley B. Sholes C. Howe D. none of these

Answer: Option (B)
3. Blood Circulation was discovered by

A. Louis B. Alexander Fleming C. William Harvey D. none of these

Answer: Option (C)
4. Streptomycin was invented by

A. Fleming B. Marie Curie C. Walksman D. None of these

Answer: Option (C)
5. Analytical Engine was invented by

A. Dewar B. Charles Babbage C. Daimler D. None of these

Answer: Option (B)
Knowledge of Current Events
1. Name the education technology startup which won the Next Billion Edtech Prize.

A. Vedantu B. BYJU's C. Boosters D. Dost Education

Answer: Option (D)
Explanation: India's education technology startup 'Dost Education' has bagged a $25,000 Next Billion Edtech Prize 2019. Two other startups, Ubongo (Tanzania) and PraxiLabs (Egypt), also won the award. Dost Education was awarded for its ability to empower parents to take charge of their child's early education by creating short, friendly audio content that is sent to them via their mobile phones. Because of this app low-income families need no longer send their children to primary school behind and without a chance to catch up.
2. Who was awarded with Lifetime Contribution Award at AIMA Managing India awards 2019?

A. Devi Prasad Shetty B. Azim H Premji C. Sanjiv Bajaj D. Pawan Goenka

Answer: Option (B)
Explanation: The All India Management Association (AIMA) Managing India Awards 2019 was held on April 08, 2019 at Hotel Taj Palace, New Delhi. Mahendra Mohan Gupta, Chairman & Managing Director, Jagran Prakashan Ltd and Editorial Director, Dainik Jagran, was awarded under Lifetime Contribution to Media category. Lifetime Contribution Award: Azim H Premji (Chairman, Wipro Ltd). MNC in India of the Year: T Krishnakumar (Coca-Cola India, President & CEO, India & Southwest Asia).
3. Who is the President of the World Gold Council (WGC)?

A. David Tait B. Rooney John C. David Harquail D. Aram Shishmanian

Answer: Option (C)
Explanation: David Harquail is the President of the World Gold Council (WGC). The World Gold Council (WGC) reported that India has marginally increased its gold holding to 1.7 tonnes in February while maintaining the tenth position among countries in terms of yellow metal reserves. India added 1.7 tonnes in February while most other countries, except Russia and China, had their reserves unchanged in the recent past. As per WGC, India had total gold reserves of 608.7 tonnes in February, marginally up from the previous month's holding of 607 tonnes.
4. Which among the following tops in the list of Association of Mutual Funds in India (Amfi)?

A. ICICI Prudential Asset Management B. HDFC Asset Management C. Reliance Capital Asset Management D. UTI Asset Management

Answer: Option (B)
Explanation: India's asset management companies (AMCs) own assets under management (AUM) worth Rs24.46 trillion, according to data released by the Association of Mutual Funds in India (Amfi). HDFC Asset Management Co. Ltd has claimed the top spot with an average AUM of Rs3.42 trillion, overtaking ICICI Prudential Asset Management Co. Ltd with an average AUM of at Rs3.20 trillion. Out of the total industry assets, a huge 82.7% is owned by the top 10 AMCs, who have owned around 80% of the industry assets over at least three years now.
5. Which among the following becomes World's 1st Islamic Bank to Launch Banking Via WhatsApp?

A. Al-Rajhi Bank B. RHB Islamic Bank C. AmIslamic Bank D. Emirates Islamic

Answer: Option (D)
Explanation: Emirates Islamic has announced the launch of Chat Banking services for customers via WhatsApp, marking a global first in the Islamic banking sector. The bank's customers will now able to conduct daily banking activities via WhatsApp in a seamless and hassle-free manner. The Chat Banking solution, supported by Infobip, further enhances Emirates Islamic's suite of digital banking channels and allows customers to use features such as checking account balances and temporarily blocking or unblocking of an existing card.
Abbreviations
1. What is the full form of "EIS"?

A. Executive Information System B. Electronic Information System C. Electronic Instrumentation System D. Electro Impulse System

Answer: Option (A)
2. What is the full form of "ECG"?

A. Electronic Cardiogram B. Electro Cardiogram C. Economic Cycle Graph D. Electrostatic Charge Generator

Answer: Option (B)
3. What is the full form of "ERNET"?

A. Enterprise Resource Network B. EtherNet C. Educational and Research Network D. Energy Resource Nuclear Transfer

Answer: Option (C)
4. What is the full form of "FBI"?

A. Federal Bank Of India B. Federal Bureau of Investigation C. Federation Board of India D. Financial Bank Institution

Answer: Option (B)
5. What is the full form of "FOB"?

A. Foreign Object Band B. Free Of Board C. Financial Of BusinessPlan D. Federal Of Bureau

Answer: Option (B)
Sports
1. First Indian women Olympic Medal winner is -

A. Saina Nehwal B. M C Mary Kom C. Karnam Malleshwari D. Sakshi Malik

Answer: Option (C)
2. Who created a new world record is scoring the fastest century in Test Cricket history in February 2016?

A. Steve Smith B. Chris Gayle C. Brendon McCullum D. Virat Kohli

Answer: Option (C)
3. After won the 13th gold medal in Rio Olympic 2016 by Michael Phelps, he has broken 12 individual gold medals records of -

A. Duke Kahanamoku B. Leonidas of Rhodes C. Larisa Latynina D. Paavo Nurmi

Answer: Option (B)
4. Murugappa Gold Cup is associated with -

A. Badminton B. Hockey C. Cricket D. Golf

Answer: Option (B)
5. First Indian women Olympic Medal winner is -

A. Saina Nehwal B. MC Mary Kom C. Karnam Malleshwari D. Sakshi Malik

Answer: Option (C)
Countries & Capitals
1. What is the Capital of Bolivia?

A. Tirane B. Lilongwe C. La Paz (administrative) and Sucre (judicial) D. Bangkok

Answer: Option (C)
2. What is the Capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina?

A. Thimphu B. Libreville C. Bangui D. Sarajevo

Answer: Option (D)
3. What is the Capital of Botswana?

A. Gaborone B. Tehran C. La Paz D. Banjul

Answer: Option (A)
4. What is the Capital of Brazil?

A. Brasilia B. Kyiv C. Tegucigalpa D. Basseterre

Answer: Option (A)
5. What is the Capital of Brunei?

A. Tbilisi B. Beijing C. Kuwait City D. Bandar Seri Begawan

Answer: Option (D)
History
1. The territory of Porus who offered strong resistance to Alexander was situated between the rivers of

A. Sutlej and Beas B. Jhelum and Chenab C. Ravi and Chenab D. Ganga and Yamuna

Answer: Option (B)
2. Under Akbar, the Mir Bakshi was required to look after

A. military affairs B. the state treasury C. the royal household D. the land revenue system

Answer: Option (A)
Explanation: The head of the military was called the Mir Bakshi, appointed from among the leading nobles of the court. The Mir Bakshi was in charge of intelligence gathering, and also made recommendations to the emperor for military appointments and promotions.
3. Tripitakas are sacred books of

A. Buddhists B. Hindus C. Jains D. None of the above

Answer: Option (A)
4. The theory of economic drain of India during British imperialism was propounded by

A. Jawaharlal Nehru B. Dadabhai Naoroji C. R.C. Dutt D. M.K. Gandhi

Answer: Option (B)
5. The use of Kharoshti in ancient Indian architecture is the result of India's contact with

A. Central Asia B. Iran C. Greece D. China

Answer: Option (C)
Books and Authors
1. The serial 'India's Rajiv' was produced and directed by

A. Simmi Garewal B. Satyajit Ray C. Shyam Benegal D. Mira Nair

Answer: Option (A)
2. The original name of 'Mahabharata' is

A. Katha Saritsagar B. Jai Samhita C. Vrahat Katha D. Rajatarangini

Answer: Option (B)
3. 'Man without society is either a beast or a God'. Who said this?

A. Plato B. Gandhi C. Aristotle D. Henry Maine

Answer: Option (C)
4. Who has written the famous book 'Mankind and Mother Earth'?

A. Arnold Toynbee B. Leo Tolstoy C. John Ruskin D. Bertrand Russel

Answer: Option (A)
5. 'Maya Memsaab' is a film directed by

A. Shyam Benegal B. Ketan Mehta C. Bhupen Hazarika D. Tapan Sinha

Answer: Option (B)
Current Affairs
1. Cabinet Committee of Security has cleared the proposal for the procurement of the 464 T-90 tanks from which country?

A. US B. Japan C. China D. Russia

Answer: Option (D)
Explanation: The Cabinet Committee of Security has cleared the procurement of 464 Russian tanks from Russia under T-90 project in a deal worth over Rs 13,500 crore. The tanks would be given to the Armoured Corps of the force which will be furthered used by them for deployment along the India-Pakistan border. The new deal would increase the number of T-90s in the Army to 2,000 along with the remaining T-72 and T-55s. The acquisition also includes a Make-in-India element for integration at the Heavy Vehicles Factory in Avadi (near Chennai).
2. Which country sets a team of experts to the re-measure height of Mount Everest?

A. India B. Cambodia C. Nepal D. Malaysia

Answer: Option (C)
Explanation: The Nepal government has recently sent a 4-member team of experts to re-measure the height of Mount Everest. Chief Survey Officer Khim Lal Gautam and Survey Officer Rabin Karki will ascend Mount Everest. After reaching the summit, they will use a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that will send readings about its height to their two colleagues who will remain at base camp. The Survey Department in Kathmandu will be conducted four sets of surveys: Precise leveling, Trigonometric leveling, Gravity survey, and GNSS survey. It is for the first time, Nepal has sent its own team to conduct a survey of the world's highest mountain. The aim of the government is to measure the exact height of Mount Everest amid debates that there might have been a change in its height due to various reasons including the devastating earthquake of 2015. Survey of India had measured the height as 8848 meters in 1954 and it has been adopted as authentic height by the Government of Nepal till date.
3. Scientists from this university have discovered a new state of physical matter called chain melted state.

A. University of Edinburgh of Scotland B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology C. University of Wisconsin-Madison D. University of Glasgow

Answer: Option (A)
Explanation: Scientists from the University of Edinburgh of Scotland while examining potassium have discovered a new state of physical matter where atoms can exist as both solid and liquid at the same time known as the chain melted state. The discovery was made using powerful computer simulations. At the chain-melted state, atoms are both solid and liquid at the same time. Scientists have discovered that when extreme pressure and temperature are applied to potassium, it can form a state in which most of the atoms form a lattice structure but a second set is in a fluid arrangement. Scientists say that it would be like holding a sponge filled with water that starts dripping out, except the sponge is also made of water. Over half a dozen elements including sodium and bismuth are thought to be capable of existing in the newly discovered state. Researchers hope it can be further examined to find more uses for the unexpected discovery.
4. Who among the following has been selected for the 2018 Saraswati Samman?

A. Jeet Thayil B. Arundhathi Subramaniam C. Jayanta Mahapatra D. K Siva Reddy

Answer: Option (D)
Explanation: Telugu poet K Siva Reddy has been selected for the prestigious Saraswati Samman, 2018 for his collection of poetry titled Pakkaki Ottigilite (Turning Aside While Lying Down). It is the highest recognition in the field of Indian literature and carries a cash purse of Rs 15 lakh, apart from a citation and a plaque. Pakkaki Ottigilite, published in 2016, is an anthology of 104 poems in blank verse. It captures the responses of the poet over the years to social change, the evolution of his own self and his dynamic relationship with the world.The award, instituted by the KK Birla Foundation in 1991, is given annually for an outstanding literary work written in any Indian language and published during the last 10 years.
5. The Supreme Court (SC) has imposed a fine of Rs 20 lakh on which state government for banning satirical film Bhobishyoter Bhoot?

A. Andra Pradesh B. Jharkhand C. Odisha D. West Bengal

Answer: Option (D)
Explanation: The Supreme Court (SC) imposed a fine of Rs 20 lakh on the West Bengal government for imposing a 'virtual' ban on the public screening of the satirical film Bhobishyoter Bhoot in the state. A bench headed by Justice D Y Chandrachud said the fine amount shall be given to producers and cinema hall owners as compensation for violation of their right to freedom of speech and expression. The court was hearing a plea by the film producer which alleged the movie was taken down from a majority of theatres at the behest of the state authorities. The film, directed by Anik Dutta, was released on February 15. Its story revolves around a group of ghosts, including a politician, who assemble at a refugee camp and try to be relevant in contemporary times. The film was allegedly withdrawn from single-screen theatres and multiplexes a day after its release.
Indian Constitution
1. Which one of the following states has been under President’s rule for a long period continuously?

A. Tamilnadu B. Kerala C. Punjab D. West Bengal

Answer: Option (C)
2. The preamble of which country emphasizes domestic tranquillity?

A. France B. India C. U.S.S.R. D. U.S.A.

Answer: Option (D)
3. In which Constitutional Amendment Act An authoritative text of the Constitution in Hindi was provided to the people of India by the President?

A. 57th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1987 B. 58th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1987 C. 59th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988 D. 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988

Answer: Option (B)
4. In which Amendment act the Sindhi language was included as a 15th regional language in the Eight Schedule?

A. 1st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1956 B. 7th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1956 C. 15th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1963 D. 21st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1967

Answer: Option (D)
5. Which article is related to Special Address by the president?

A. Article 84 B. Article 85 C. Article 86 D. Article 87

Answer: Option (D)
Awards and Honours
1. Which among the following personalities got the India’s highest civilian awards?

A. Madan Mohan Malaviya B. Manmohan Singh C. Deendayal Upadhyaya D. L. K Advani

Answer: Option (A)
Explanation: Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya was an Indian educationist and politician notable for his role in the Indian independence movement and as the twice president of Indian National Congress. He was respectfully addressed as Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya and also addressed as 'Mahamana'. He was posthumously conferred with Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, on 24 December 2014, a day before his 153rd Birth Anniversary.
2. Manoj Kumar Panday who was the recipient of Param Vir Chakra belongs to which of the following military regiment or rifles?

A. Rajputana Rifles B. 1/11 Gorkha Rifles C. 18 Grenadiers D. 13 JAK Rifles

Answer: Option (B)
Explanation: Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey, was an Indian Army officer of 1/11 Gorkha Rifles, posthumously awarded India's highest military honor, Param Vir Chakra for his audacious courage and leadership during adverse times. He died during the attack on Jubar Top, Khalubar Hills in Batalik Sector, Kargil. His actions have led to him being referred to as the "Hero of Batalik".
3. Who among the following personality awarded the Dronacharya award 2017?

A. P. Gopichand B. Jitu Rai C. G.S.S.V. Prasad D. Ravi Shastri

Answer: Option (C)
Explanation: Dronacharya Award is sports coaching honor of the Republic of India given for producing medal winners at prestigious international sports events. Dr. R. Gandhi (Athletics), Heera Nand Kataria (Kabaddi), G.S.S.V. Prasad (Badminton), Brij Bhushan Mohanty (Boxing), P.A. Raphel (Hockey), Sanjoy Chakravarthy (Shooting) and Roshan Lal (Wrestling) are the recipient of the awards.
4. Name the recipient of Bharat Ratna who was also awarded the "Best Parliamentarian" in 1994?

A. Madan Mohan Malaviya B. Manmohan Singh C. Deendayal Upadhyaya D. Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Answer: Option (D)
Explanation: The Indian government announced the Bharat Ratna award to former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee who was also awarded the "Best Parliamentarian" in 1994.
5. Which of the following the Padma Vibhushan 2017 recipient who is a renowned Indian musician and film playback singer?

A. V. K. Aatre B. Kattassery Joseph Yesudas C. Avinash Dixit D. Jagmohan

Answer: Option (B)
Explanation: Kattassery Joseph Yesudas is a renowned Indian musician and film playback singer and the recipient of Padma Vibhusan 2017 Award for his contribution in Art-Music.
Economic
1. Deficit financing implies

A. printing new currency notes B. replacing new currency with the worn out currency C. public expenditure in excess of public revenue D. public revenue in excess of public expenditure

Answer: Option (C)
2. In which of the following sequences the change in the quantity of money leads to a change in the price level in the Keynesian models?

A. Change in quantity of money - change in investment - change in employment and output - change in the rate of interest - change in the price level B. Change in quantity of money - change in employment and output - change in investment - change in the rate of interest - change in the price level C. Change in quantity of money - change in investment - change in the rate of interest - change in employment and output - change in the price level D. Change in quantity of money - change in the rate of interest - change in investment - change in employment and output - change in the price level

Answer: Option (D)
3. Foreign Direct Investment ceilings in the telecom sector have been raised from 74 percent to

A. 80 percent B. 83 percent C. 90 percent D. 100 percent

Answer: Option (D)
4. Which of the following is not a part of the machinery that settles industrial disputes?

A. Wage Court B. Works Committee C. Conciliation officers D. Board of Conciliation

Answer: Option (A)
5. Paper currency first started in India in

A. 1861 B. 1542 C. 1601 D. 1880

Answer: Option (A)
Culture
1. According to sociologists spread of cultural traits from one society to another is called

A. Diffusion B. Globlization C. Global traits D. Cultural diversity

Answer: Option (A)
2. In sociology first came scientific discoveries and technological advances that produced a factory based industrial economy and

A. Factories B. Machines C. Societies D. Industries

Answer: Option (A)
3. In sociology central for progressive societies but often a burden in static culture is called

A. Management B. Jobs C. Work D. Time orientation

Answer: Option (C)
4. Sociologists have increasingly used term globalization in

A. 1980's B. 1990's C. 1970's D. 1960's

Answer: Option (B)
5. Max Weber's idealist approach reveals that modes of thought have a powerful effect on society Weber, feared that contrast between the tradition of pre-industrial societies is called as

A. Industrial societies B. Sophisticated machinery C. Bureaucratic orgnisations D. Capitalist system

Answer: Option (C)
Scientific Research
1. Which of the following is not an essential element of report writing?

A. Research Methodology B. Reference C. Conclusion D. None of these

Answer: Option (D)
2. "Testing hypothesis is a -------

A. Inferential statistics B. Descriptive statistics C. Data preparation D. Data analysis

Answer: Option (A)
3. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?

A. Searching sources of information to locate a problem. B. Survey of related literature C. Identification of problem D. Searching for solutions to the problem

Answer: Option (C)
4. A reasoning where we start with certain particular statements and conclude with a universal statement is called

A. Deductive Reasoning B. Inductive Reasoning C. Abnormal Reasoning D. Transcendental Reasoning

Answer: Option (B)
5. Which of the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?

A. Socio-economic Status B. Marital Status C. Numerical Aptitude D. Professional Attitude

Answer: Option (C)
Banking Terms
1. What is the full form of NAV?

A. Net Actual Value B. Net Annual Value C. Net Asset Value D. Net Average Value

Answer: Option (C)
Explanation: NAV is calculated by the Asset Management Company (AMC) at the end of every business day.
2. Who issues 'Commercial Papers'?

A. A Company to a Bank B. Banks to Banks C. Banks to Companies D. Company to its suppliers

Answer: Option (B)
Explanation: Commercial Paper is one of the instruments through which Corporates raise debt from the market.
3. What is the full form of SWIFT?

A. Safe Window for Interbank Financial Transactions B. Safe Window In case of Financial Transaction C. Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication D. Safe Window Institute For Transactions

Answer: Option (C)
Explanation: The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication provides a network that enables financial institutions worldwide to send and receive information about financial transactions in a secure, standardized and reliable environment.
4. Which of the following is known as the concept of a standard contract to buy or sell a specified commodity at a certain date in the future and at a market-driven price?

A. Forward Contract B. Futures Contract C. Market Contract D. Standard Contract

Answer: Option (B)
Explanation: Their main purpose is to mitigate the risk of default by either party in the intervening period.
5. Which one of the following set up core banking infrastructure for rural banks?

A. IBA B. NABARD C. RBI D. SIDBI

Answer: Option (B)
Explanation: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development has set up joint liability groups (JLG) of farmers to facilitate delivery of credit to farmers. Providing refinance to State Co-operative Banks, Scheduled Commercial Banks and Regional Rural Banks; coordinating the activities of different agencies in the field of agriculture and rural credit; improving absorptive capacity of credit delivery system are the major activities of NABARD.
General Science
1. In the endothermic reaction:

A. Heat is absorbed B. Heat is evolved C. Heat doesn't change D. Temperature remains constant

Answer: Option (A)
2. The chemical reactions which occur in one direction (from left to right) are called:

A. Reversible reaction B. Irreversible reactions C. Endothermic reactions D. Exothermic reactions

Answer: Option (A)
3. The catalyst is a substance through which the rates of chemical reactions are:

A. Increased B. Decreased C. Changed D. None of these

Answer: Option (C)
4. Who is the inventor of the catalyst?

A. Berzelius B. Rutherford C. Louis D. Kosell

Answer: Option (A)
5. The catalyst employed in the hydrogenation process of the oils is:

A. Fe B. Ni C. Mo D. Pt

Answer: Option (B)
Budget
1. FRBM Act was passed in ________:

A. 1999 B. 2000 C. 2003 D. 2004

Answer: Option (C)
2. The most important sources of plan finance to cover up the gap between intended expenditure and available resource is in:

A. Direct taxes B. Indirect taxes C. Deficit financing D. Foreign aid

Answer: Option (C)
3. Fiscal Policy refers to a policy of :

A. Money Lenders B. Government Finance C. Commercial banks D. Monetary authority

Answer: Option (B)
4. Deficit Financing means :

A. Public expenditure in excess of public revenue B. Public revenue in excess of public expenditure C. Both (a) & (b) D. None

Answer: Option (A)
5. _______ refers to public revenue, expenditure and allied matters.

A. Fiscal policy B. Monetary policy C. Economic policy D. None of these.

Answer: Option (A)