Introduction 
 Vocabulary | Word | Definition | Synonyms | Usage | 
|---|---|---|---|
| Alleviating (Verb) | make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe. | 
  | 
“He couldn’t prevent her pain, only alleviate it” | 
| Combat (Verb) | take action to reduce or prevent (something bad or undesirable). | 
  | 
“An effort to combat drug trafficking” | 
| Retain (Verb) | continue to have (something); keep possession of. | 
  | 
“Labour retained the seat” | 
| Shackles (Noun) | a pair of fetters connected together by a chain, used to fasten a prisoner’s wrists or ankles together. | 
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“The prisoner was shackled to the heavy steel chair in the centre of the room” | 
| Persecuted (Verb) | harass or annoy (someone) persistently. | 
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“Hilda was persecuted by some of the other girls” | 
| Word | Definition | Synonyms | Usage | 
|---|---|---|---|
| Barefaced (Adjective) | shameless and undisguised. | 
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“A barefaced lie” | 
| Hamstrung (Verb) | severely restrict the efficiency or effectiveness of. | 
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“We were hamstrung by a total lack of knowledge” | 
| Notorious (Adjective) | famous or well known, typically for some bad quality or deed. | 
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“Los Angeles is notorious for its smog” | 
| Resurgence (Noun) | an increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence. | 
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“A resurgence of interest in religion” | 
| Magnitude (Noun) | the great size or extent of something. | 
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“They may feel discouraged at the magnitude of the task before them” | 
| Word | Definition | Synonyms | Usage | 
|---|---|---|---|
| Precarious (Adjective) | dependent on chance; uncertain. | 
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"As Finance Secretary I found that the finances of the state were in a precarious condition" | 
| Smug (Adjective) | having or showing an excessive pride in oneself or one’s achievements. | 
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"Because Rocky had a smug attitude during his meeting with the principal, he projected the image he was proud of his misdeeds" | 
| Encompass (Verb) | to form a circle around | 
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"A necklace of sapphire-blue lakes encompasses the town" | 
| Scramble (Noun) | a struggle for possession or gain. | 
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"There was a scramble for choice seats in the auditorium" | 
| Downgrade (Verb) | reduce to a lower grade, rank, or level of importance. | 
  | 
"His career has been on the downgrade" |