Abbreviations
ADC: Analog to Digital Converter ARP: Address Resolution Protocol ALGOL: Algorithmic Language ALU: Arithmetic and Logical Unit ANSI: American National Standard Institute API: Application Program Interface ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode ADF: Automatic Document Folder BINAC: Binary Automatic Research Center BCC: Blind Carbon Copy BMP: Bitmap/Basic Multilingual Plane BARC: Bhabha Atomic Research Center BASIC: Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BCD: Binary Coded Decimal BCR: Bar Code Reader BIOS: Basic Input Output System BPS: Byte Per Second BSNL: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited BPEL: Business Process Execution Language CC: Carbon Copy CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semi Conductor CAD: Computer Aided Design CLASS: Computer Literacy and Studies in School COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language CD: Compact Disc COMAL: Common Algorithmic Language CRT: Cathod Ray Tube CSS: Cascading Style Sheets CUA: Control User Access CTCP: Client to Client Protocol CG: Computer Graphics CGI: Common Gateway Interface COM: Common Object Mode CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access COMPUTER: Common Oriented Machine particularly used for Trade Education and Research DAC: Digital to Analog Converter DAP: Directory Access Protocol DBMS: Data Base Management System DBA: Data Base Administrator DCC: Direct client to Client DCL: Digital Command Language DFD: Data Flow Diagram DFS: Distributed File system DHTML: Dynamic Hyper Text Markup Language DLL: Dynamic Link Library DMA: Direct Memory Access DNS: Domain name System DLP: Digital Light Processing DNS: Domain Name System DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory DRDO: Defense Research and Development Organisation DSL: Digital Subscriber Line DSN: Database Source Name DTP:Desktop Publishing DVD: Digital Video Disc DVDR: Digital Video Disc Recordable EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code E-Commerce:Electronic Commerce EDP: Electronic Data Processing EXE: Executable FAX: Far Away Xerox FDC: Floppy Disk Controller FIFO:First In First Out FORTAN: Formula Translation FTP: File Transfer Protocol FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions GB: Giga Byte GIF: Graphics Interchange Format GIGO: Garbage In Garbage Out GPU:Graphics Processing Unit GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication GUI: Graphical User Interface HCL: Human Computer Interaction HPFS: High Performance File system HDD: Hard Disk Drive HP: Hewlett Packard HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol IBM: International Business machine IS:Information System IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol iOS: iphone Operating System IP: Internet Protocol ISDN: Integrated Services Digital networks INSOC: Internet Society ISP: Internet Service Provider ISR: Internet Service Routine IT: Information Technology JPEG: Joint Photographic Expert Group JRE: Java Runtime Environment JSP: Java Server Pages JUG: Java User Group KBPS: Kilobit Per Second LCD: Liquid Crystal Display LDU: Liquid Display Unit LED:Light Emitting Diode LIFO:Last In First Out LPI: Lines Per Inch LIS: Large Scale Integration LIPS: List Processing MBR: Master Boot Record MAC: Media Access Control MPEG:Moving Picture Experts Group MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions MSN: Microsoft Network MDI: Multiple Document Interface MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition MIMO: Multiple Out Multiple In MIPS: Million Instructions Per second MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface NAL: National Aerospace Laboratories NFS: Network File System NIC: National Interface card NOS:Network Operating System ODBC: Open Data Base Connectivity OCR: Optical Character Reader OMR: Optical Mark Chapter OOP: Object oriented Programming OLE: Object Linking and embedding OOS: Open Source Software PAP: Password Authentication Protocol PC: Personal Computer PDF: Portable Document Format PDL: Program Design Language PGA: Pin Grid Array PNP: Plug and Plug POS: Point of Scale PSU: Power supply unit PSTN: Public Switched Telephone network QDR: Quad Data Rate QOS: Quality of Service RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RAT:Remote Access Trojan RDBMS: Relational Data Base Management System RIP: Routing Information Protocol RPG: Report Program Generator RTOS: Real Time Operating System RTF: Rich Text Format Saas: Software as a Service SAN: Storage Area Network SDR: Software Defined Radio SDL: Simple Direct Media Layer SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SQL:Structured Query language SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol SIM:Subscriber Identification Module TCP: Transmission Control protocol TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access TTA: True Tap Audio TTF: True Type Font TTS: Text to Speech TTY: Tele Type UAC: User Account Control UI: User Interface Ul: Upload UPS:Uninterruptible Power supply URI: Uniform Resource Identifier URL: Uniform Resource Locator URN: Uniform Resource Name ULSI: Ultra Large Scale Integration UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair VDD: Virtual Device Driver VGA: Video Graphics Array VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network VSNL: Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited VLSI: Very Large Scale Integration VRAM: Video Random Access Memory WAP: Wireless Application Protocol Wi-Fi: Wireless Fidelity WINS: Windows Internet Naming Service WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network WMA: Wireless Media Audio WMV: Wireless Media Video WWAN: Wireless Wide Area Network WWID: Worldwide Identifier WWW: World Wide Web WLL: Wireless Local Loop WORM:Write Once Read Many XHTML: Extensible Hyper Text Markup Language XAML: Extensible Application Markup Language XML: Extensible Markup Language XNS: Xerox Network Services XUL: XML User Interface Language Y2K: Year Two Thousand ZIFS: Zero Insertion Force Socket ZIP: Zone Information Protocol ZISC: Zone Instruction Set Computer ZMA: Zone Multicast Address ZNA: Zone Network Administration ZAW: Zero Administration for Windows

General Keyboard Shortcut keys
CTRL + C: Copy CTRL + X: Cut CTRL + V: Paste CTRL + Z: Undo CTRL + P: Print CTRL + B: Bold the selected data CTRL + I: Changes the selected data into Italic style DELETE: Delete SHIFT + DELETE: Delete the selected Item permanently CTRL + RIGHT ARROW: Move the insertion point to the starting of the next word CTRL + LEFT ARROW: Move the insertion point to the starting of the previous word CTRL + DOWN ARROW: Move the insertion point to the starting of the next paragraph CTRL + UP ARROW: Move the insertion point to the starting of the previous paragraph CTRL + SHIFT with any arrow key: Highlight a block of text keys SHIFT with any arrow key: Select more than one item in a window CTRL + A: Select All F3 key: Search for a file or a folder ALT + ENTER: Display the properties of the selected item CTRL + F4 Close the active document in program ALT + F4: Close the active item ALT + SPACEBAR: Open the shortcut menu for the active window ALT + TAB: Switch between the open items ALT + ESC: Cycle through the screen elements in a window CTRL + U: Underlined selected text. F10 key: Active the menu bar in the active program RIGHT ARROW: Open the next menu to the right , or open a submenu LEFT ARROW: Open the next menu to the left , or close a submenu F5 key: Update the active window of Refresh the active. BACKSPACE: View the folder one level up in My computer ESC: Cancel the current task CTRL+SHIFT+ESC: Open Task manager CTRL+TAB: Move forward through the tabs CTRL+SHIFT+TAB: Move backward through the tabs TAB: Move forward through the options SHIFT+TAB: Move backward through the options ALT+Underlined letter: Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option ENTER: Perform the command for the Active option SPACEBAR: Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box. F1 key: Display help F4 key: Display the items in the active list.